半导体纳米粒子/石墨烯多级结构电极的制备及光电性能研究

A prerequisite for the wide applications of dye-sensitized solar cell is to further increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of the cell. One of the key issues to improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell is how to improve the efficiency of light capture, dye adsorption, and increase the transmission rate of photogenerated electrons of the anode simultaneously. The unique properties of graphene with large surface area, high conductivity and high carrier mobility as well as the cheap and easily available raw materials make it become the potential material for photovoltaic devices. Therefore, the design and preparation of novel carbon-based functional materials with high photoelectric conversion efficiency has important significance. In this project, we plan to prepare hierarchical electrodes of semiconductor nanoparticles/graphene hybrid materials. We will systematically investigate the effects of the electrode microstructure, as well as the component, morphology, size of the semiconductor nanoparticles on the conversion efficiency of the electrodes. Furthermore, we will investigate the conversion efficiency of the electrodes with different microstructures, when the electrodes are used as the anode of dye-sensitized solar cells. We will measure and analyze the structural characteristics of the electrodes on the synergistic effects of improving light capture efficiency, the separation efficiency of photoelectron and holes, the mobility of carriers, and expanding the electrode surface area. The aim is to get the effective method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cells by constructing hierarchical structure, and thus provide guidance and new ideas for the preparation of novel carbon-based electrodes.

进一步提高效率和降低成本是染料敏化太阳能电池大规模产业化的前提。如何使染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极在提高光能捕获效率的同时，增加染料的吸附量，并提高光生电子的传递速率是提高电池效率的关键问题之一。石墨烯具有超高的比表面积、良好的导电性和高速的载流子迁移率，且原料廉价、易得，使其成为一种潜在的理想光伏器件材料。因此，设计制备具有高光电转换效率的新型碳基功能材料具有重要意义。本项目拟制备半导体纳米粒子/石墨烯杂化材料多级结构电极，系统研究电极的微纳结构以及修饰的半导体纳米粒子的组分、形貌、尺寸等对光电极效率的影响规律。并研究将不同结构的光电极应用于染料敏化太阳能电池时，电池转换效率的差异，重点分析电极的结构特性对提高光能捕获效率、载流子分离效率和传导速率、扩大电极的比表面积等的协同作用。获得通过构筑多级结构提高染料敏化太阳能电池器件光电转化效率的有效方法，为制备新型碳基光电极提供指导和新的思路。

进一步提高效率和降低成本是太阳能电池器件大规模产业化的前提。如何在提高光能捕获效率的同时，提高光生电子的传递速率是提高光电转化效率，是需要解决的关键问题之一。石墨烯具有超高的比表面积、良好的导电性和高速的载流子迁移率，且原料廉价、易得，使其成为一种潜在的理想光伏器件材料。因此，设计制备具有高光电转换效率的新型碳基功能材料具有重要意义。本项目在研究过程中制备了氧化锌纳米棒/石墨烯杂化蜂窝状结构、氧化锌/石墨烯三维大孔结构、聚苯胺/石墨烯大孔结构等多种多级结构电极，系统研究了电极的微纳结构以及修饰的半导体纳米粒子的组分、形貌、尺寸等对光电转化效率、光催化性能的影响规律。我们重点分析了这些电极的结构特性对提高光能捕获效率、载流子分离效率和传导速率、扩大电极的比表面积的协同作用。获得了通过构筑多级结构提高器件光电转化效率的有效方法，为制备新型碳基光电极提供指导和新的思路。同时我们也开发了多种半导体纳米粒子，包括单层二氧化锰纳米片、磷酸银立方纳米粒子、上转换纳米粒子、半导体聚合物纳米粒子等不同材质，不同吸收波长的纳米粒子，并系统研究了这些纳米粒子在光电转换、光催化、电容器件、成像等领域的应用，为发展新型的半导体纳米粒子/石墨烯多级结构提供了多种纳米粒子选择。项目资助在权威刊物上发表研究论文成果11篇，其中SCI收录11篇，影响因子大于8.0的4篇；申请发明专利2项，其中已授权1项；培养硕士研究生6名，其中已毕业4名。