凹凸棒基膜材料的制备及其对含油/有机污染物废水的选择性分离性能研究

With the development of modern industry, the serious water pollution especially arising from oil/organic contaminants wastewater has become a bottleneck problem hindering the economic and social growth in China. However, many insufficiencies still remain in current research on membrane materials. Accordingly, this project is aiming at creation of a kind of novel inorganic membrane based on attapulgite clay (ATP), which is abundant in the province of Gansu, China. Using the organic polymers or soluble inorganic salts as pore-forming agents, porous ATP membrane with high mechanical strength, tunable wettability will be developed for selective separation of oil/organic contaminants from water. The effect of the size and morphology of ATP nanorods on the membrane formation, the regulatory mechanism of pore-forming agents for porousity and surface microsturucture will be investigated. The effect of the size and morphology of ATP nanorods and the pore-forming agents on the mechnical strength will be envaluated. The effect of microstructure and surface wettabilities of ATP membrane on the surface wettabilities will be studied. The surface interaction between mambranes and water, oils and different organic contaminants will be studied. Based on the studies of those key scientific issues mentioned above, the relationship between the selective separation performance of the membranes and their surface wettabilities will be constructured. The implementation of the proposed project will not only possibly provide a kind of novel, high performance ATP membrane material for wastewater treatment, but also may open a new way for value-increment of ATP resources.

随着现代工业的发展，水体污染尤其是含油/有机废水所带来的危害已成为制约我国社会经济发展的瓶颈问题。针对传统分离膜材料研究中的不足，本项目拟以甘肃地区贮量丰富的凹凸棒石黏土(ATP) 作为无机膜原材料、以有机高分子或可溶性的无机盐为制孔剂，制备出具有高机械强度、表面浸润性可调控、对含油/有机废水具有选择性分离性能的新型多孔无机分离膜。通过研究ATP 的棒晶尺寸和形貌对成膜性的影响，制孔剂对膜的孔性能和表面微结构的调控机制，ATP 棒晶结构或尺寸、制孔剂种类或用量对膜材料机械强度的影响规律，膜界面微结构和孔性能对膜材料表面浸润性能的影响，以及不同化学组成的油/有机污染物分子与膜材料的界面相互作用等科学问题，构建膜材料浸润性对水体中油/有机污染物选择性分离的构效关系，为含油/有机污染物废水处理提供新型的高性能膜材料和新的研究思路，同时可望为ATP 的高值化利用提供新的解决途径。

随着现代工业的发展，水体污染尤其是含油/有机废水所带来的危害已成为制约我国社会经济发展的瓶颈问题。本项目针对传统分离膜材料研究中的不足，以甘肃地区贮量丰富的凹凸棒石黏土(ATP) 为原材料，通过压滤、烧结等步骤制备出具有高机械强度的无机多孔膜。系统研究了ATP 的棒晶尺寸和形貌对成膜性的影响，制孔剂对膜的孔性能和表面微结构的调控机制，ATP 棒晶结构或尺寸、制孔剂种类或用量对膜材料机械强度的影响规律，膜界面微结构和孔性能对膜材料表面浸润性能的影响，以及不同化学组成的油/有机污染物分子与膜材料的界面相互作用等科学问题。创新性之一是，膜表面经过浸润性调控，使其对油/水系统具有选择透过性，从而达到油/水、有机污染物/水分离的目的。创新性之二是，本体聚合制备的凹凸棒基水凝胶经冷冻干燥，ATP棒晶在一定区域内可有序排列，产汽膜表面碳化处理后，对太阳能的热利用效率可达85%，该研究成果有望应用于废水浓缩、生产清洁水等领域。模拟油水分离实验及油水初步放大试验表明，凹凸棒无机多孔膜具有优异的油水分离性能，且其在酸、碱环境下可以稳定工作，被污染的膜材料在加热条件下可再生。本项目研究发表SCI收录论文20篇，申请发明专利1件，培养研究生4名。