开洞超高层建筑洞口聚集风能机理和风力发电应用的理论与试验研究

More and more attentions are focused on the wind energy all over the world. Wind power generation is an important strategy to deploy renewable energy in China. The wind energy is abundant in super tall building environments. Open holes set up at a proper height of the super tall building may be used to utilize the wind energy effectively, and can reduce the overall wind loads on buildings. Although there is an actual project which applied the wind power generation to the super tall buildings successfully and received widely acclaim, research work related to similar buildings are still not enough. By means of wind tunnel testing, numerical simulation and field measurement, the proposed project aims to investigate the wind speed amplifications and flow field characteristics in the open holes of super tall buildings with openings, reveal wind energy collecting principle and wind energy distribution in the open holes of such buildings. Mathematical models for calculating wind speed amplifications and wind energy in the open holes will be proposed in order to provide theoretical foundation for wind power generation. Wind load characteristics and wind-induced response principles during the running process of the wind turbines will also be investigated, and the mathematical models of wind loads on super tall building will be proposed for wind-resistant design of such buildings. The distribution of aerodynamic noise inside and near the open holes caused by the running of wind turbine will be studied. The results can be used to evaluate the influence of wind power generation on the building serviceability. Furthermore, improvement and optimization measures will be proposed. The research achievements obtained from this project are expected to provide some scientific information for wind power generation and promote the application of wind power generation in super tall buildings.

风能越来越受到世界各国的重视，发展风力发电是我国可再生能源利用的重要途径之一，超高层建筑环境中风能资源丰富，在超高层建筑立面开洞可以有效利用风能，并减小主体结构风荷载，已有实际工程应用且获得了业界好评，但相关研究工作较少。本项目拟采用风洞试验、数值模拟和现场实测相结合的方法，研究开洞超高层建筑洞口风速放大效应和流场特性，揭示洞口聚集风能的机理和风能分布规律，建立洞口风速放大效应和风能分布的数学模型，为风力发电应用提供科学依据；研究应用风力发电的开洞超高层建筑的风荷载和风致响应的作用机理，建立开洞超高层建筑风荷载的数学模型，为此类建筑的结构实现提供依据；研究洞口区域的气动噪声分布特点，评估风力发电对建筑适用性的影响，提出合理的改进优化措施。研究成果将解决开洞超高层建筑风力发电涉及的一些科学问题，推动风力发电在超高层建筑中的应用。

发展风力发电是我国可再生能源利用的重要途径之一，超高层建筑环境中风能资源丰富，在超高层建筑立面开洞可以有效利用风能，并减小主体结构风荷载。研发了风场模拟装置及风压监测管路频响修正装置，综合采用风洞试验、数值模拟和现场实测方法，研究了基本振型对高层建筑等效静力风荷载的影响，未开洞高层建筑风荷载特性、气动优化措施和阻塞效应，开洞高层建筑风荷载特性，以及风能评估方法与高层建筑洞口聚能机理。提出了湍流强度和湍流积分尺度关于距离和栅板宽度的计算公式，可为其他实验室风场调试提供参考。提出了等效静力风荷载计算简化表达式参数k和α1的取值，用此系数的简化表达式与具体表达式计算结果基本一致。一定程度上揭示了高层建筑风荷载的作用机理和基本特性，对倒角、切角和圆角气动措施进行了对比分析，可为类似研究及工程抗风优化设计提供参考。明确了需要进行阻塞效应修正的临界阻塞比为4.5%，提出了风压系数、风力系数的阻塞效应修正公式。建立了开洞高层建筑风力系数关于开洞率、开洞高度的计算公式，可用于进行风力发电等用途的开洞高层建筑的结构实现。验证了威布尔分布函数是一种可靠的风速预测模型，证明了矩量法是一种准确估计威布尔参数的方法，建立了复杂地形风电场后评估框架及方法，提出了风速比和风能比关于开洞率和开洞高度的计算公式，可为风能开发、风能潜力评估及开洞高层建筑进行风力发电提供有效的方法和依据。