浅埋薄基岩大开采空间顶板动力灾害预测与控制

In shallow seams with thin bedrock overburden, rapid mining under large mining space causes intense failure of overburden structure; induces complicated dynamic phenomena, and thereby easily leads to rock bursts, resulting in heavy damages to equipment and injuries/fatalities to miners. In order to investigate these roof dynamic hazards, the 3D geomechanical model and its characteristic pattern will be established based on scientific description of geological parameters. The overburden movement, induced stress fields, and stability of the coupling system of support and surrounding rocks will be analyzed under rapid mining in large mining space conditions. The characteristics of time, space, and intense changes of overburden spatial structure and the whole process of roof dynamic hazards, and their inter-relationship will be investigated. The dynamics law of time, space, and intense of mining stress field will be revealed. The coupling mechanical effect of roof dynamic hazards with geological characteristics, mining space and support system will be studied. Those multiple-factors and their interaction contributing to the development of these hazards will be determined. The prediction and control techniques system for roof dynamics hazards based on the parameters of electrohydraulically controlled shields and recognition of the multiple factors of overburden movement will be constructed. This research will lay a theoretical foundation for prediction and control techniques for roof dynamics hazards for large mining space in shallow seams under thin bedrock overburden.

浅埋深薄基岩大开采空间快速推采条件下，采动覆岩结构失稳过程剧烈，动力学特征复杂，易诱发冲击矿压等采场动力灾害，造成严重的设备损害和人员伤亡。针对浅埋薄基岩大开采空间动力灾害问题，以地质参量科学描述为基础，建立三维地质力学模型及其特征模式；分析大开采空间快速推采的覆岩破断运移、采动应力场演化、支架围岩耦合系统的稳定性，研究覆岩空间结构模式的时、空、强演化与动力灾害孕育、发生发展的关系，揭示浅埋薄基岩条件下大开采空间采动应力场的动力学规律；研究顶板动力灾害与地质特征、开采空间、支护系统的耦合力学效应机制，建立开采动力源、地质动力源与开采空间参量、支护系统特征参量等相互作用的多尺度浅埋薄基岩动力灾害致灾模式及准则，建立基于采场支架的电液控系统参量、覆岩结构及运动等多参量前兆信息的顶板动力灾害预测与控制技术体系；为浅埋薄基岩大开采空间顶板动力灾害预测防治技术和方法奠定理论基础。

在宏观和微观尺度上系统的研究了神东矿区主采煤层覆岩的物理力学性质，获得了神东矿区覆岩物理力学性质参照表，提出了神东矿区弱粘结性岩石的定义及判别准则，建立了三维动态可视化精细地质模型和基于岩层结构的采场顶板分类新方法；首次构建了“支架—顶板—覆岩—地表”四位一体全地层的监测体系，分析了覆岩层运动的时、空演化特征及采场应力传递与转移路径，建立了大采高和大采高综放采场覆岩结构力学模型，推导了支架工作阻力解析式；提出了端部三角滑移区及运动模式，突破了特厚煤层大采高综放面沿空掘巷的技术难题；分析了采动过程中煤柱内应力场与能量场的演化过程、能量积聚与耗散的演化规律，揭示了动力灾害的孕育过程、触发机制及强矿压显现的机理；确定了两柱式和四柱式液压支架的适用性原则；提出了数值开采和智能化精准岩层控制的概念，实现了多参量顶板动力灾害预测及动力灾害控制体系。. 出版著作1部，授权专利36项，发表论文34篇，其中SCI/EI收录5篇，录用待刊论文10篇，其中EI收录刊源论文8篇，一般外文期刊1篇，中文核心期刊1篇；重要成果获省部级一等奖2项；承办学术会议2次，参加学术会议53人次，特邀报告13次，人才培养方面，出站博士后惠功领，刘星魁2名，在站博士后袁瑞甫、秦本东、蒋东杰3名，4名博士毕业，6名博士研究生在读，22名硕士研究生毕业，14名硕士研究生在读。. 完成项目规定的全部任务。