基于炭疽芽孢杆菌S-层蛋白自组装的双抗高灵敏检测纳米材料的研究

With the development of science and technology, nanomaterials have been entered our daily life quickly. There are many nanomaterials that are from natural biological source, which are called biological nanomaterials. Bacterial surface protein (S-layer protein) is one of the biological nanomaterials. S-layer protein exists in most Archaea and eubacteria’s suface. It consists of a kind of protein or glycoprotein. It is an ideal biological nanomaterial which can self-assemble into lattice structure on the bacterial surface and in vitro. In the last few decades, scientists have been interested in the study of S- layer protein, which is based on the large amount of expression, and the properties of self assembly, so many applications such as high efficiency, surface display, preparation of molecular sieve and template of metal nanoparticles are developed. These studies show that S- layer is an ideal biological material. This study based on Bacillus anthracis’ S-layer protein EA1 self-assembly. The plague’s F1 antigen fused to the C-terminus of the protein EA1 and self-assembled in vitro. It could detect the anthrax and plague’s antibodies. We get the new detection materials which could detect anthrax and plague’s antibodies rapidly. It provides a new method for the clinical diagnosis of these two diseases.

随着科学技术的不断发展，纳米材料已经快速进入我们的日常生活中，大自然中有很多生物纳米材料，S-层蛋白就是其中一种。S-层蛋白存在于大部分古生菌和真细菌的表面，它由一种蛋白或糖蛋白组成，可以在细菌的表面自组装成规则的晶格结构。S-层蛋白也可以在体外自组装成有规则晶格结构的二维生物膜。近几十年里，科学家热衷于S-层蛋白的研究，依据其表达量大、能够自组装的性质，开发了众多的应用如介导异源蛋白的高效表达、表面展示、制备分子筛和作为金属纳米粒子的模板，这些研究表明S-层蛋白是一种理想的生物纳米材料。本研究基于炭疽芽孢杆菌S-层蛋白EA1自组装，将鼠疫抗原F1融合于EA1蛋白的C-末端，体外表达自组装后检测炭疽及鼠疫抗体，得到可以快速检测两种疾病的新型检测材料，为炭疽和鼠疫疾病的临床诊断提供了新方法。