水无常形——基于电磁场的涂层结构调控对阳极性能的影响机制研究

In order to enhance the anode stability towards chlorine corrosion and maintain the excellent properties of tin dioxide electrode，a 2.5-dimensional tin-lead oxide anode was designed，that is，putting a electromagnet into a Ti/Sb-SnO2/Pb3O4 main electrode shell and attracting magnetic assistant electrodes. The specialty of this electrode is the contact between the main electrode and the assistant electrodes could be adjusted and controlled flexibly, consecutively and precisely. So the electrode performance could be realized in situ and the electrochemical oxidation water treatment system under the real complicated situation could be operated with high efficiency, long lifetime, low cost, and high stability, etc. The research of this project is focus on the mechanism of the effect of electromagnetic regulation on the anode stability and electro-oxidation performance, and optimizing the electrode under the guidance of the mechanism and data, and exploring the suitable mode and treatment goal (sole electrochemical treatment or pretreatment of the bio treatment) of the electrochemical treatment system towards some kinds of wastewater, and finally designing the reactor as the support. The objective of the research results will provide the practical application of this new type anode with solid theoretical basis and technical support.

为了实现既能保持二氧化锡电极原有优质特性同时又能提高电极耐氯性的目的，申请人设计了一种2.5维锡铅氧化物阳极，即将磁性Fe3O4/Sb-SnO2副电极颗粒吸附在内含电磁铁的空心Ti/Sb-SnO2/Pb3O4主电极表面。此电极的特殊之处在于通过电磁场灵活、连续、精确调控副电极在主电极上的结合状态，实现对电极性能的原位调校，从而实现废水成分变化等复杂情况下的电化学氧化水处理系统的高效、节能、长期、连续、稳定运行。本项目从电极稳定性及电极电化学氧化性能两个角度重点研究电磁场调控对2.5维锡铅氧化物阳极性能的影响机制，并以数据及机理为指导，对电极进行逆向优化，最终探索并论证几种典型废水类型下电化学氧化系统相应的运行模式和处理目标（单一电化学处理或作为生物处理的预处理技术），并设计相应的反应器予以支持。本项目的研究结果将为这种新型阳极的实际应用提供扎实的理论依据和技术支持。

在电化学氧化水处理领域中，磁组装电极（又名2.5维电极）是一种通过磁力将磁性副电极颗粒吸附在主电极上的新型模块化电极形式，其较传统二维或三维电极形式而言更适合处理成分复杂多变的有机废水。本课题以Ti/Sb-SnO2/Pb3O4主电极与磁性Fe3O4/Sb-SnO2副电极为核心，成功构建了能够正常工作的2.5维锡铅氧化物阳极，使得电极的电化学氧化性能和耐氯稳定性得以兼顾，并成功揭示电磁场调控对电极电化学氧化性能的调节机制，顺利获取典型生物难降解有机物（酸性红G、苯酚等）分子在有氯/无氯情况下的降解机理，较为完整的揭示了模拟/实际废水降解动力学和废水可生化性提高程度等指标与电解技术参数及电极结构、性能的内在联系，建立了磁组装电极相关理论。此外在完成项目计划书预期研究目标的基础上，考察了更多类型的磁组装电极（如主电极为PbO2、Pb3O4、IrO2-Ta2O5、石墨等，副电极为聚苯胺涂层或Pb3O4涂层等）与准三维电催化阳极（如SiC/Sb-SnO2阳极）的构效关系与电化学氧化有机废水表现，进一步完善了磁组装电极相关理论并拓展其应用场景。本课题为磁组装电极在未来实际废水处理中的应用提供了理论依据和技术支持。