基于虎杖花对丝光绿蝇毒杀活性成分及致毒机理研究

The common green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata, which can spread many diseases including dysentery, typhoid, cholera and tuberculosis owing to a lot of pathogen on their body surface. The usage of the chemical insecticide with long-time and high frequency often results in food, environmental pollution and human poisoning et al. Moreover, the L. sericata is resistant to chemical insecticide increasingly. So, one of the effective ways to reduce the Lucilia sericata's resistance is to find insecticidal substance and exploit new insecticides from natural products. In our investigation, we find that Lucilia sericata appeared the toxicity symptom that was similar with natural pyrethrum when sucked on the flower of P. cuspidatum. Symptoms were mainly manifested as attracting, sucking, exciting, anesthesiaing, convulsing, dying and the body mummified etc. In addition, further research revealed that extract of ether from ethanol extraction has evidenced toxicity on L. sericata, and the toxicity symptom is similar to that of the flower of P. cuspidatum. Therefore, our research was focused on extraction, separation, purification, structure identification and preliminary study the toxic mechanism by bioactivity guiding method. In order to search for new natural active substances and novel leading compounds to prevention and poison L. sericata. It can provide the necessary theoretical foundation and effective technical support for the development and utilization of germicides botanical pesticides.

丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)，俗称绿豆蝇，能传播痢疾、伤寒、霍乱、结核等多种疾病。在对其进行化学防治过程中常造成食品、环境污染及人体中毒等事故，同时随着化学药剂的长期大量地连续使用，蝇类已对诸多化学杀虫剂产生了抗药性。因此，从天然产物中寻找新的杀虫活性物质是开发绿色新型杀虫剂以减少害虫抗药性的有效途径之一。项目组发现，虎杖花活体对丝光绿蝇具有和天然除虫菊相似的中毒症状，表现为吸引、取食、兴奋、瘫软麻痹(麻醉)、抽搐、死亡、虫体干瘪等系列行为。经进一步药化实验，研究发现虎杖花甲醇提取物的乙醚部位具有很强的毒杀活性同时具有和活体花类似的中毒症状。为此，本课题采用生物活性跟踪法对其中的杀虫活性成分进行提取、分离、纯化以及结构鉴定, 并初步探讨其毒杀作用机制。以期寻找和发现防治丝光绿蝇的天然活性物质和先导化合物，为植物源农药的开发利用提供理论依据和技术支持。

丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)，俗称绿豆蝇，能传播痢疾、伤寒、霍乱、结核等多种疾病。为此，本文采用生物活性跟踪法对其中的杀虫活性成分进行提取、分离、纯化及结构鉴定，并初步探讨其毒杀作用机制。以期寻找和发现防治丝光绿蝇的天然活性物质和先导化合物，为植物源农药的开发利用提供理论依据和技术支持。.1.虎杖花对丝光绿蝇毒杀现象生物学观察.本文通过现场和实验深入观察了虎杖对丝光绿蝇成虫具有的特异毒杀现象。活体花对丝光绿蝇的毒力曲线为Y=2.1534X-8.8414，相关系数r=0.9872，其LT50为27.32 h。.2.虎杖花对丝光绿蝇引诱物质的化学分析.在全面观察了虎杖花对丝光绿蝇特异毒杀现象基础上，应用气相色谱质谱联用仪测定了引诱丝光绿蝇取食的挥发性成分。从虎杖花中鉴定出21个化合物，占总峰面积的99.29%。2-己烯酸甲酯，苯戊酮，4-己烯酸甲酯，顺-3-己烯酸甲酯，2-甲基-6-次甲基-1,7-辛二烯-3-醇等5种物质是虎杖花头香的主要成分。.3.虎杖花杀虫活性物质的分离.为了寻找和明确虎杖花对丝光绿蝇的杀虫活性成分，对虎杖花甲醇提取物的石油醚、乙醚、正丁醇、甲醇和水部位进行杀虫实验。从乙醚部位分离得到7个天然产物，从甲醇部位分离得到22个天然产物。.4.单体化合物的杀虫活性.为了寻找真正的杀虫物质和先导化合物，作者对分离得到的大部分天然产物均进行了杀虫活性筛选。研究中发现以芦荟大黄素为代表的蒽醌类化合物具有较好的杀虫活性，从试虫的中毒症状来看和提取物相近。.5.虎杖花中蒽醌类化合物对丝光绿蝇的毒杀机制.杀虫活性实验证明蒽醌类化合物是虎杖花中起到杀虫作用的重要的物质，对丝光绿蝇成虫具有较强的神经毒杀作用。丛试虫的中毒症状推测虎杖花中的蒽醌类化合物可能作用于丝光绿蝇的中枢神经系统。