沉积盆地红色砂岩泥岩和碳酸盐岩中盐/咸泉的形成机理研究

This proposed project focuses on the natural salty/saline springs emerging in the red sandstones-mudstones in the Lanping Basin in Yunnan and in the carbonate rocks in the eastern part of the Sicuan Basin. The theme of the project is on the formation of the salty/saline springs. Special attention is paid to the key scientific problems of the transport of substance and energy in the circulation of groundwater systems. The changes in hydraulic and hydrochemical characteristics in the fromation of the salty/saline springs are taken as the core contents of this work. Hydrogeological field investigation, measurements and sampling, analyses and detection of samples, modeling calculation, theoretical analyses and comparison are proposed to be carried out comprehensively in this study. The geological, hydraulic and hydrochemincal conditions affecting the occurrence, emergence and formation of the salty/saline springs are examined in detail. Data of physical and chemical characteristices of the salty/saline springs in rainy seasons and dry seasons are obtained. The water circulation modes and hydrochemical modes for the formation of the salty/saline springs are established. The formation patterns of the salty/saline springs are also put forward. The research results are helpful in describing the features of water circulation and hydrchemical characteristics in the groundwater systems of the salty/saline springs, revealing the formation mechanisms of the special natural products such as the salty/saline springs, enunciating the form and law of transport of substance and energy in water circulation in a continental environment. The results are also of important scientific significance in enriching the theory of groundwater circulation and water-rock interactions and the related research methods.

本项目聚焦云南兰坪盆地红色砂岩泥岩和四川盆地东部碳酸盐岩中天然出露的盐/咸泉，围绕盐/咸泉形成的主题，针对盐/咸泉分布、出露和形成的地质构造、水动力和水化学控制因素，重视盐/咸泉地下水系统水循环中物质和能量迁移的关键科学问题，以盐/咸泉形成的水动力和水化学特征及其变化为核心内容，综合运用野外水文地质调查、现场观测和采样、室内分析测试、模拟计算、理论分析和综合对比等研究方法和手段，深入剖析盐/咸分布、出露和形成的地质条件、水动力条件和水化学条件，获得盐/咸泉物理特征和化学成分在丰水期和枯水期的观测和测试资料，建立盐/咸泉形成的水动力模式和水化学模式，提出其成因类型。开展本项目的研究，将能查明盐/咸泉地下水系统的水循环和水化学特征，揭示盐/咸泉这些特殊的自然产物形成的内在机理，有助于阐明陆地水循环中物质和能量迁移的方式和规律，对于丰富地下水循环和水-岩作用理论及其研究方法，具有重要的科学意义。

一个盐/咸泉（咸温泉）构成一个相对独立的水循环系统，其分布与形成是自然界水循环过程中物质迁移和能量传输科学问题的重要组成部分。盐/咸泉的出露隐含着地下地质、水动力和水化学等多方面的丰富信息。本项目主要以云南兰坪盆地红色砂岩泥岩和四川盆地东部碳酸盐岩中出露的数十个盐/咸泉（咸温泉）为研究对象，运用野外水文地质调查与观测、采样与室内测试以及对比和综合分析等多种研究方法，分析这些盐/咸泉分布、出露和形成的区域地质和水文地质条件、水循环及其演化特点，探讨部分重点的盐/咸泉形成的水动力因素和水化学因素，从水量和水质两个方面分析和总结盐/咸泉的成因，揭示在透水性相对差的云南兰坪盆地红色砂岩泥岩中天然出露众多的盐/咸泉和在四川盆地东部碳酸盐岩中咸/卤水能在上覆相对隔水的砂岩页岩中天然出露形成盐/咸泉的机理，获得盐/咸泉野外观测和室内测试的大量数据，提出盐/咸泉形成的涌流泉成因类型和浅循环泉的类型，阐明利用盐泉/咸泉的水化学资料判别地下存在固体钾盐的可能性的方法的步骤。所获得的研究成果对于丰富地下水循环和水-岩作用的理论和研究方法，具有重要的科学意义，对于盐/咸泉的开发和保护也具有重要的实际意义。