仿生自组装细胞壁的重金属累积效应和迁移机理

When plant, algae, fungal was suffered by heavy metals, a great tolerance responded to block heavy metal invading and damaging the living cell.It was found that lots of heavy metal ions were accomulated in/on the cell wall contributing to bioadsorption by polysacchride and protein and a few heavy metal ions were shifted into inner cell. However, it is still unknown how to accomulate and transfer heavy metals on/by cell wall. In this project, cell wall will be biomimetic fabricated using microfibrils or nanofibrils as scaffolds and other cell wall macromolecules as fillers. Under controlled condition, multiwall cellular foam with hierarchical structure will be self-assembled and applied as treating agent of heavy metals. The effects of componnents and surface/interface of biofoam on the accumulation of heavy metals will be discussed, and the corresponding accumulation and transfer mechanism will be established. Furthermore, modified cellular foam with more favorable accumulating level and surface structure will be fabricated for heavy meatal treatments. In this project, a novel approach to mimetic structural and functional cell wall will be set up for understanding the bioremediation of cell wall in heavy metal environments. We try to provide a meaningful scientific theory and effectively application in dealing with heavy metallic pollutions.

植物、藻类以及真菌类生物在重金属环境中会产生耐性。在耐重金属生物体内，细胞壁是第一道天然屏障，它阻止和减少重金属入侵造成对植物的毒害，往往成为重金属累积区域。体外单一大分子吸附实验研究表明细胞壁多糖和蛋白质对重金属的作用是产生累积的最重要因素。然而作为结构功能复合物-细胞壁组织如何在其表界面上对重金属离子累积；累积饱和后如何进行迁移的科学问题未见诸报道。为此，本项目拟在体外环境下，合成以微纤丝为支架，多糖、蛋白大分子为掺杂物，控制纳米复合物的结构、组成，层层自组装仿生细胞壁泡沫；并在模拟重金属环境下，探测仿生细胞壁的大分子组成以及表界面结构形貌对重金属累积的影响，探究细胞壁对重金属迁移产生影响的外界条件，从而为细胞壁重金属生物修复奠定理论基础。经由该理论，进一步改良仿生细胞壁组织结构，制备环境友好重金属修复细胞壁，实现快捷、方便、高效、可循环地"仿生物修复"重金属污染。

为了解决当前严重的重金属离子水体污染问题，使用绿色环保的治理污染过程和污染处理材料，杜绝二次污染，可以实现可持续发展。基于自然界天然高分子具有可再生、可降解、环境友好、功能基团多等优势。本项目机械分离了细胞壁大分子，考察了它们对重金属离子的螯合能力和吸附机理；确立合成多孔泡沫的仿生条件，深入探讨泡沫结构和性能；确定影响HM累积效应的关键因素，并对累积动力学、热力学乃至等温吸附等进行模拟建立了模型；确立累积过程的表界面机理，为可降解泡沫仿生修复重金属污染水体的应用奠定了理论基础。.项目成果中的天然高分子纳米纤丝，蛋白质微球吸附剂均为创新性的研究成果，尤其是其对重金属离子的快速高效的吸附受到了广泛的国内外关注，相关研究成果中SCI他引已经超过300次，为该领域的研究学者提供了较好的环境材料的开发思路，为环保及相关企业提供较好的应用产品。项目组圆满的完成了研究计划，发表SCI论文、专著、专利申报授权数以及人才培养等均超出了课题预定的成果指标。.经费支出基本按照合同预算要求，合理合规。