太湖流域农业非点源污染控制与管理的实验研究

Agricultural Non-point source pollution has become one of the most concerned environmental issues currently. It is also one of the challenges which all level governments in China have to be up against for a long time in the future. This project will choose developed area, Lake Tai Watershed, as the study area where is facing high density and serious pollution.Based on two dimensions of individual performance and collective performance, we select several theoretically possible NPSP control policies and policy combinations to conduct economic experimental tests and evaluation. For information asymmetry which exists at individual performance level, we can induce the farmers to tell us the true private costs through the design of different auction mechanisms; For moral hazard problem of collective performance level, by means of experimental test of three policy tools(taxes, subsidies or taxes / subsidies) ,we reveal the mechanism of farmers' response to different policy tools, as well as the impact of efficiency and stability of policy in the context of different experimental settings. Based on these experiments, some inspirations on NPSP control can be summarized and refined from both management decision and experimental technique levels.

农业非点源污染已成为当前全社会最为关注的环境问题之一，也是我国各级政府在未来很长一段时期内必须面对的挑战。本研究拟选择污染严重、人口集中、经济发达的太湖流域为研究区域，从基于个人表现和基于集体表现两个维度，选取若干理论上可行的非点源污染控制政策或者组合进行经济学实验检验和评估，针对个人表现层面中存在的信息不对称问题，通过不同拍卖机制的设计，"诱使"农户说真话，从而获取农户真实的成本信息；针对集体表现层面的道德风险问题，通过对税收、补贴和税收/补贴三种政策工具的实验检验，揭示农户对不同政策工具的响应机理，以及不同实验设置对政策效率和稳定性的影响。在以上实验基础上，从管理决策和实验技术两个层面归纳并提炼农业非点源污染控制与管理的经济学实验研究所带给我们的若干启示。

为破解农业非点源污染因其独特的散在特性导致的治理困境，本研究选择污染严重、人口集中、经济发达的太湖流域为研究区域，从农户的行为出发，采用实验室实验、场地实验、社会调查等方法，基于个体决策和集体表现两个维度，依照“理论解析—实验调研—政策分析”三阶段研究思路，探索治理我国农业面源污染的政策路径。. 本研究梳理了来源于利益相关者视角、实验经济学视角和美国经验视角的污染治理思路，为后续实验调研奠定了理论基础。在基于集体表现的实验设计中，本项目紧紧围绕环境政策的干预-相应作用机理，探索了包括惩罚、税收、教育等强制性和非强制性手段在内的环境政策的表现效果。围绕个体决策表现，本项目构建了基于个体认知的农业不确定性决策框架，探索了不确定情境下的模糊态度研究，对比了不确定性环境下农户与学生决策行为的差异。最后，本研究立足于追踪调查的微观数据，总结了近十年太湖流域农业非点源污染治理的路径、成效和困境。期待本课题研究成果能为我国农业非点源污染控制的政策设计提供一定的行为启示和决策参考。