深部条带煤柱开采冲击地压诱灾机理及防治理论基础

For a long time coal has played a key role in the development of China's national economy. With the mining intensity growing, the eastern mine has been the first into the deep mining. In complicated geological environment, deep strip coal pillar stope induces rock burst disaster easily. And the mechanism of rock burst of strip coal pillar stope is very complicated. The methods of mutation theory analysis, laboratory test, simulation and field measurement will be adopted in this project. By establishing the nonlinear mechanics models of deep strip coal pillar, the law of stress concentration distribution evolution under mining influence on complicated geological condition and the mechanism of rock burst of deep strip coal pillar stope will be revealed. Considering influence of complicated superimposed stress of that, criterion about rock burst will be put forward, evaluation methodology about danger of burst and impact energy burst size will be established. Based on above-mentioned research achievement, preventing theory and method of rock burst of deep strip coal pillar stope will be established initially. The studies in this project can contribute to solve the problem of rock burst of deep strip coal pillar stope and provide theory support to control this disaster. This study has important theory significance and application value.

长期以来煤炭对我国的国民经济发展起到了关键支撑作用，随着开采强度的不断增加，东部矿区的煤炭资源率先进入了深部开采。复杂地质环境下的深部条带煤柱开采容易诱发冲击地压灾害，诱灾机理十分复杂。本项目拟采用突变方法建模解析推导、实验室试验、仿真模拟和现场测试相结合的综合研究方法，建立深部条带煤柱非线性力学模型，揭示复杂地质条件采动影响下条带煤柱应力集中分布演化规律与深部条带煤柱开采诱发冲击地压机理，提出条带煤柱开采诱导冲击地压发生判据、建立冲击危险程度评价方法和冲击能量释放量级评估方法，初步形成深部条带煤柱开采冲击地压综合防治理论与方法，解决深部复杂地质环境条带煤柱开采冲击地压灾害防治难题，为条带煤柱开采冲击地压灾害治理提供理论依据与支撑，课题研究具有重要的理论意义与推广应用价值。

随着煤矿开采深度的增加，深部高应力作用下条带煤柱开采冲击失稳发生的频次及灾害程度显著增加，严重制约了煤矿安全高效生产。因此，开展深部条带煤柱开采过程中的冲击地压诱灾机理及综合防治研究，对保障深部条带煤柱安全、高效开采，提高煤炭资源回收利用率具有重要的现实意义。.本项目以深部条带煤柱开采冲击地压诱发机理、危险评价及有效防治为研究目标，综合采用理论分析、实验室试验、仿真模拟和现场测试相结合的方法，首先，通过建立深部条带煤柱力学分析模型，结合数值模拟和相似模拟，研究了深部条带煤柱开采覆岩运动破断特征及煤柱应力分布，探讨了不同地质及开采因素对深部条带开采煤柱应力分布演化的影响，揭示了复杂地质环境与采动影响下条带煤柱应力集中分布演化规律；其次，建立了“煤柱-顶板”系统变形破坏失稳的突变模型，推导得出了“煤柱-顶板”力学系统的势函数，分析了系统失稳前后能量的积聚和释放规律，建立了系统突变失稳的判据；然后，基于数量化理论，建立了条带开采冲击危险评价模型，以典型深部条带开采煤矿为背景，分析评价了条带工作面煤柱失稳及诱发冲击地压危险程度，揭示了深部条带开采诱发冲击地压机理；最后，基于大直径钻孔、钻屑法、微震等卸压与监测手段，提出了深部条带开采诱发冲击危险的“区域、局部及定点”多参数联合预警与解危方法，初步形成深部条带煤柱开采冲击地压综合防治理论与技术体系。.项目研究结果为我国深部复杂地质环境条带煤柱开采冲击地压灾害防治提供了重要的理论依据和技术途径，推动了我国煤矿开采的安全高效发展。