高渗透率并网风电频率动态响应控制及其对电力系统频率特性影响机理研究

This proposal is to investigate the basic theories and key technologies with regard to the dynamic regulation of frequency responses (viz., inertial response and primary frequency response) from wind turbines/plants, as well as its coordinated control with conventional synchronous generators, in power systems with highly-penetrated wind powers. Specifically, the main contents contain the following two aspects, viz., 1) the impacts of frequency responses from grid-connected wind power on the power system frequency characteristics and the electromechanical stress & structural loads in wind turbines are revealed, and the frequency control strategies and optimization methods available for wind turbines/plants are further proposed; 2) the interaction characteristics of dynamic coupling among wind turbines/farms and conventional synchronous generators to dynamic frequency in power systems are uncovered during frequency regulations, such that coordinated frequency control schemes between wind turbines/farms and synchronous generators are proposed. The outcomes of this proposal will provide.the theoretical basis and key technology support to the frequency stability as well as its assessment indicators’ establishing and improvement in power systems. This project and its accomplishment feature theoretical significance, urgent project requirements and promising applications, which, as a result, will promote research level in China up to the international forefront in the field of large-scale wind powers integrated into power systems.

本项目研究含高渗透率并网风电的电力系统中风电机组/风电场频率动态响应调节（包括惯性响应和一次调频）及其与常规同步发电机组频率协调控制的基础理论与关键技术，具体包括：并网风电频率动态响应调节对电力系统频率动态特性及风电机组自身机电应力、结构载荷的影响规律研究，提出风电机组/风电场的频率动态响应控制理论与优化设计方法；揭示频率动态调节过程中风电机组/风电场之间、风电场与常规同步发电机之间的动态耦联对电力系统频率动态特性的作用规律，提出风电机组/风电场与常规同步发电机的频率协调控制方案。本项目的研究将为含高渗透率并网风电的电力系统频率稳定及其评估指标建立与完善提供基础理论参考与关键技术支撑，具有重要的理论意义、迫切的工程需求和广阔的应用前景，使我国在大规模风电并网领域的研究水平跻身国际前列。

随着国内外风电快速发展，高渗透率风电在局部已经形成，并有着全局化发展的趋势。然而，由于风机有着与传统同步机迥然不同的有功出力特性，风电大规模并网将会导致电网等效惯量降低、调频能力下降，降低电网的稳定裕度，使得电力系统频率安全问题日益严峻。频率动态控制作为增强对电网的频率支撑作用，已逐步加入到风电的控制系统之中。现已有较多针对风电机组参与频率响应的控制策略研究，但是对于风电机组在频率动态控制下的动态特性及其对电力系统频率动态影响缺乏深刻的认识。本项目针对并网风电电力系统的频率动态问题及其衍生的稳定性问题，围绕当初设置的研究目标和研究内容开展了以下研究：.1）分析了并网风电对电力系统的频率动态特性的影响。建立了并网风电激励-响应动力学模型，实现了风电功率-频率关系解析表达；刻画了风机高阶、非线性的功率-频率关系，实现了多类型风机全工作区动态特性统一描述与解析表征；提出了风电并网电力系统频率动态的分析方法，揭示了风电引入频率动态控制对电力系统频率动态的影响规律。.2）分析了并网风电引入频率动态控制对电力系统稳定性的影响。揭示了并网风电风机内部的机电耦合路径，分析了并网风机单机系统的轴系振荡的关键影响因素；分析了多机并网系统机电动态，评估了风电并网电力系统在引入频率动态控制后对电力系统低频振荡的风险，并以云南电网为实例进行了分析。.作为并网风电电力系统频率动态问题及其衍生问题方面的探索性研究，本项目有助于理解并网风电的频率特性及其对电力系统的频率动态和稳定性影响，为高渗透率风电并网电力系统的频率动态控制设计和风电并网标准的修订具有一定的指导意义。.结合该项目研究，培养了硕士4名、博士4名（在读1名），在国际学术期刊、国际会议及国内核心期刊上发表了论文12篇，被SCI 收录8篇、EI 收录4篇，获得了中国电工技术学会科学技术奖一等奖（风电快速调频控制理论与关键技术及规模化应用，已公示）。