电力系统协同调度的理论研究

Nowadays, power system is characterized by integrated transmission & distribution system, hybrid AC/DC transmission and bidirectional power flow. Flexible voltage control techniques, active and renewable reactive sources, regular and active loads coexist in the power system. This results in complex contradictions between networks and sources which need to deal with the strong uncertainty during real power balance. Currently these contradictions are difficult to be suppressed only by coordination dispatch of active power sources. Energy-saving and emission-reduction cannot be efficiently realized. In this project, the synergistic dispatch theory of power system is proposed. The idea is to explore the synergy effect, eliminate the uncertainty cooperatively, and realize the synergistic dispatch during the real power balance procedure. The objective is to establish the cooperation mechanism to absorb the strong uncertainty by active loads among contradiction-makers. And the mechanism will be embedded in the primary, secondary, and tertiary dispatch procedures. Finally, the dispatch problem can be solved considering the voltage supported by active power sources and flexible voltage control techniques. The key point of the research is to establish the source synergistic dispatch which can eliminate the strong uncertatinty by active load, source-network synergistic dispatch which considers the interaction between sources and networksand source-network synergistic clustering dispatch which is considered in system level. The algorithms and realization of these dispatch models will also be analyzed. The aim is to increase the penetration level of renewable energy, and decrease the consumption of fossil fuels. The research coincides with the development of smart grids, and has significant theoretical and realistic meanings.

新形势下，电力系统中输配交融、交直流混合、电能双向流动，其中柔性控制技术、主动与可再生的被动电源、常规与具有主动行为的负荷等共存，这导致满足有功平衡中应对强不确定性的源网呈现交织纠结的矛盾，而目前仅依赖于主动电源协调调度难以抑制这一矛盾，无法充分实现节能减排。对此，本项目提出电力系统协同调度理论研究：思路是在协调有功平衡过程中，挖掘协同效应，合作地化解不确定性，实现协同调度；核心是在引起矛盾多方间、建立以主动负荷消除强不确定性为目的的合作机制，并将该机制嵌置于三次、二次和一次调整的全程协调中，在主动电源与柔性控制技术协同的电压支撑下，协调与合作有机统一地完成调度目标；重点是主动负荷消除强不确定性的源协同、网络形态同调于源的源网协同、分布自治与全局统筹的源网协同聚类的调度模型、算法与实现；目的是更有效接纳被动电源、遏制化石能源发电。该研究切合电网智能化理念，具有明显理论意义和迫切需求性。

节能减排环境下，为解决电力系统运行过程中源有功平衡中主动的源和被动的源间，以及电压支撑该平衡中主动的量与被动的量间的矛盾，提出电力系统协同调度的理论研究，核心是在引起主要矛盾的双方或多方间，建立主动负荷以消除强不确定性为目的（解决特殊矛盾）的合作机制，并将该机制嵌置于三次、二次和一次调整的全程协调之中，在主动电源与柔性控制技术协同的电压支撑下，协调与合作有机统一地完成调度目标。基于此，展开了源协同、源网协同、源网聚类协同等三个方面的理论研究，主要贡献如下：（1）源协同调度理论。提出基于运动学规律、并用几何学描述的电力系统经济调度中不确定性的度量手段，以及应对的模型和方法；围绕频率允许变动范围，提出自动、可控、再可控的协同调度概念，由此建立主动负荷消除不确定性的合作机制，且贯穿于电力系统运行三次、二次、一次协调的全过程的协同经济调度模型，相继开展了含风、光、储、电动汽车等系列建模、算法研究和工程应用；（2）源网协同调度理论。围绕电网电压允许的变化范围，以源协同调度为基础，提出了计及电网结构变动、电压调节效应的主动电压支撑、间接电压支撑联动的源网协同经济调度模型，也相继开展了从稳定、潮流、优化潮流、机组组合等系列源网协同调度算法的研究与实践；（3）源网聚类协同调度理论。提出观测点、观测点观测函数、聚合电网、聚合电网调控函数等概念及其解决的方法；提出发电机绝对转子角控制及实现技术，可自动负荷跟踪的发电控制，以及相应的潮流计算方法，由此可实现电力系统运行分散、就地、自动的优化平衡；提出多输配层、多时间级的分布式的、一致性的超前的源网协同定位与时变追踪的优化技术，目的是实现大电网分布自治下的全局统筹；（4）开发了仿真平台及高级应用软件，完成了多项横项课题开发与应用，获得国家电网、河南省科技进步二等奖各1项，培养博士8人，硕士11人，发表或录用EI/SCI期刊论文51篇，授权发明专利2项，形成了电力系统协同调度较完备的理论体系。