新型电容混合产能技术的关键材料与技术研究

Salinity gradient energy is a type of the green, clean, and alternative energy, which can be harvested by mixing two streams of aqueous solution with different salt concentration. Herewith, the proposed project entitled with “research on key material and process of the novel capacitive mixing energy generation technology (CAPMIX)” is a new technique which utilizes the salt gradient energy by charging and discharging in salt solutions with different salinity. This project is aimed at developing the key materials and optimize its process in depth. The main focus is to fabricate electrode materials with high conductivity and high ion adsorption. The Nitrogen-doped graphene sponge is a potential candidate for the CAPMIX technology, which offers good conductivity and ultra-high ion adsorption. From the material perspective, this project will optimize the fabrication routine for the nitrogen-doped graphene sponge, and will search for the best pore structure by varying the experimental conditions for nitrogen doping. The electrochemical properties of the electrode will be analyzed and the relations between the performance of the electrode and its microstructure will be established. In addition, the device structure will be optimized by investigating its relations with the working conditions. A theoretical model will be set up in order to facilitate the optimizing procedure. The objective is to reach the highest energy density reported in this field. To sum up, based on the research on both the electrode material and the device, the project will try to develop and implement this technology in order to contribute to the development of the highly effective clean energy in China.

盐差能是一种清洁能源，可通过混合不同盐浓度的水溶液产生电能。申请人申报的项目“新型电容混合产能技术（CAPMIX）的关键材料与技术研究”是一种有效利用盐差能的新型技术，它通过在不同盐浓度的水溶液中充放电直接产生直流电。本课题针对CAPMIX技术的材料和工艺进行深入研究。其关键是寻找导电性高、离子吸附性能力强的电极材料。氮掺杂海绵体石墨烯是一种具有良好导电性，高离子电吸附性能的新型纳米材料，有望应用到CAPMIX技术上。本项目一方面从材料方面对氮掺杂海绵体石墨烯的制备进行优化，寻找到适于离子吸附的最佳孔隙结构的氮掺杂方案，并研究其电化学性能和微观结构的关系。另一方面从工艺方面优化器件结构，并研究其与工作条件之间的关系，建立相关理论模型，提高器件性能指标，使其功率密度超过目前国际上所报导的最高值。本项目预计在材料和器件优化的基础上，发展和完善电容混合产能技术，为我国高效清洁能源的发展做出贡献。

在当下，人类对化石能源的使用导致了温室效应、气候变化等一系列的问题。对新能源的开发和利用变得愈加重要。新型电容混合产能技术是盐产能的一种。它是一种利用电容器为离子载体，通过对不同浓度或特性的溶液对电容器进行充放电来产生直流电的技术。本课题针对电容混合产能技术进行了研究与拓展，针对工艺流程、电容材料、膜材料等多方面对于该技术进行了多方面的研究。一方面从工艺流程、实施方案上优化了器件结构，研究了器件与工作条件之间的关系，建立了相关的理论模型，另一方面从优化器件关键材料着手，以石墨烯为研究对象，研究了利用物理方法活化石墨烯材料，另外还尝试了自主制备离子交换膜，研究其功能在制备过层中随温度、配方等参数的变化趋势。本项目的开展为电容混合能的利用提供了一些新的思路。