烟草薄片废水处理系统中烟碱的微生物降解机理与调控机制研究

Nicotine is one of the main pollutants in the tobacco sheet wastewater. The high concentration of nicotine has an inhibitory effect on the growth of functional microorganisms and their functional action in degredating pollutants in the tobacco sheet wastewater biotreatment system. In addition, the toxic metabolic intermediate of nicotine might enhace the toxic effect on the process of wastewater biotreatment. In this project, nicotine will be chosen for the research object to uncover the behavior of nicotine in the bioreator of the wastewater biotreatment system and the regulation mechanism on the relationship between the high degradation rate of nicotine and the good performance of the wastewater biotreatment system. Stable isotope probing techniques, such as DNA/RNA-SIP and PLFA-SIP, will be used in this study. Based on the analysis of the main limiting factors in the performance of nicotine removal by the tobacco sheet wastewater biotreament system, from the fate of nicotine in the tobacco sheet wastewater biotreament system, the distibution and the accumulated rule of nicotine and its toxic metabolic intermediate, the community structure of the functional microorganisms in nicotine degradation and the functional gene expression, and the feedback effect of nicotine and its toxic metabolic intermediate on the performace of wastewater biotreatment system, we will stepwise analyze the behavior and regulation mechanism of nicotine in the wastewater of tobacco sheet biotreatment systems. These results will provide theoretical basis for the treatment techniques of the tobacco sheet wastewater.

烟碱是烟草薄片生产废水的主要污染物之一，高浓度的烟碱对烟草薄片废水处理系统中功能性微生物的生长和污染物降解功能的发挥均存在抑制作用，且烟碱的有毒代谢中间产物会增强其在废水生物处理过程中的毒理学效应。基于此，本项目拟以烟草薄片废水生物处理系统中烟碱为研究对象，以揭示烟碱在废水生物处理单元中的行为，和初步建立高效的烟碱降解和反应器废水处理性能相偶联的调控机制为目的，运用稳定性同位素探针技术（DNA/RNA-SIP、PLFA-SIP等），在分析烟草薄片废水生物处理系统对烟碱生物净化性能的主要限制因子的基础上，从烟碱在废水生物处理系统中的归趋、烟碱及其有毒中间代谢产物的分布和累积规律、烟碱降解功能菌群及其功能基因表达水平、烟碱及其有毒中间代谢产物对废水生物处理性能的反馈效应等方面着手，逐步分析烟碱在烟草薄片废水处理系统中的行为与调控机理，为科学处理烟草薄片废水提供理论依据与技术支撑。

项目针对烟草薄片废水的基本特征，分别从烟碱污染达50多年的土壤中筛选、纯化并鉴定了好氧和厌氧烟碱高效降解菌，分析了其烟碱降解特征，以及可能存在的烟碱代谢途径。在实验室设计并构建了模拟厌氧反应器（UASB）和好氧反应器（SBAR），并基于烟碱污染土壤微生物，分别开发了具有烟碱高效降解功能的好氧活性颗粒污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥的快速培养与驯化技术，研究了UASB和SBAR系统处理烟草薄片废水的调控机制，揭示了两个系统各阶段的微生物群落结构演替规律及原生动物群落变化状况，初步阐明了烟草薄片废水处理系统烟碱降解和废水处理效果的微生物生态学机理。研究成果可为提高烟草薄片废水处理效果，防止烟碱污染奠定理论基础和提供技术支撑，为高浓度难降解工业污染废水的生物生态处理提供有益借鉴。