同位素示踪技术探索山区火电厂大气污染模式与生态危害

Energy from coal-fired power plant is the main energy in Guizhou Province. Enhancing theoretical research and ecological protection research of pollution caused by coal-fired power plant and servicing local civilization are critically important to realize sustainable development. This project will addressed on the pollution of atmospheric particulate matter and heavy metals including lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury and arsenic around Jinsha Coal-fired Power Plant in Guizhou Province. Based on on-spot investigation, monitoring and analysis, spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter and heavy metals resulting from Jinsha Coal-fired Power Plant will be analyzed with employment of statistic software such as ArcGIS, SPSS and Metlab. In combination with environmental isotope tracing technique and analysis of the isotope ratio, to explore migration models, fate and regional variation characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter and heavy metals, and to establish a spatial information database concerning migration characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter and heavy metals caused by Jinsha Coal-fired Power Plant. In addition, community diversity indices, evenness indices, abundance degree and total number of species will be studied by investigation of forest surrounded. Finally, to discuss the ecological effect of Jinsha Coal-fired Power Plant combining with spatial distribution characteristics and migration characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter and heavy metals caused by this plant, and to offer scientific reference for protection and regulation of regional environment in this area.

火电能源是贵州主要能源，加强火电厂环境污染问题理论研究与区域生态防治研究，为地方生态文明服务，实现可持续性发展至关重要。以贵州金沙火电厂大气颗粒物及重金属（铅、镉、铬、铜、汞与砷）污染为导线，以辐射环形模式设计现场调查、监测与分析，结合地区地形特征，利用ArcGIS、SPSS、Metlab等数据统计分析技术，研究火电厂引起的颗粒物及重金属时空分布特征。结合环境污染物同位素示踪技术及元素同源性比例分析技术，探讨火电厂引起的大气颗粒物及重金属的环境迁移模式、环境归宿及区域性变化特征。建立贵州金沙火电厂引起的大气颗粒物与重金属迁移行为特征的信息空间数据。对周边林地随机样方调查分析，研究周边林地物种丰富度指数、物种多样性指数及物种均匀度指数等生态指标，结合电厂所致大气悬浮颗粒物及悬浮颗粒物中重金属的空间分布特征与迁移模型，探讨电厂的区域生态环境影响，为该区域环境污染防治与生态环境规划提供科学参考。

同位素示踪技术是一种新兴的环境污染物溯源技术，利用同位素或其标记化合物指示和追踪相应元素或化合物在生物体及其环境介质中迁移、转化和积累的方法。本项目计划通过金沙火电厂燃煤、周边大气颗粒物及土壤样品中重金属铅的同位素比例的空间分布特征研究喀斯特山区燃煤电厂的大气颗粒物环境污染模式。我们对同位素示踪技术进行了文献综述与深入探讨。研究了金沙火电厂燃煤、周边大气颗粒物及土壤样品中重金属铅的同位素情况。通过统计分析研究金沙火电厂周边土壤重金属污染情况及污染源情况，探讨了周边林地群落结构，林地对大气沉降污染的屏蔽作用。