集成传感器数据的建筑物火场多要素耦合建模与地理实验研究

By fusing the fundamental principles and technique schema of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Virtual Geographic Environment (VGE), this research focuses on integrating realistic and dynamic sensor data with modeling and simulation geographic process. Then it could combine nature (fire) and humanity (crowd evacuation) geographic features to model complex geographic processes and analyzing geographic experiment. Theoretically, firstly, we establish a spatial data model of building fire environment integrating multi-features (human, geographic and fire event). Secondly, we implement a sensor data and geographic environment matching algorithm that is immune to data loss and low accuracy, and design a fusion mechanism of observation data and fire scene simulation data. Thirdly, we model the fire development process with the fire dynamic theories, and evaluate multi-contexts to simulate crowd evacuation process. At last, we could provide a geographic simulation environment and geographic experiment environment designed for building fire scenes. Empirically, we utilize the research area in Tianjin Normal University, and combine the campus fire drills with sensor monitoring data to carry out the geographic experiment and parallel version control with the combination of virtuality and reality. The output of this research could enhance the modeling and analyzing abilities of GIS on the micro-building level, and propel the research of VGE and geographic process simulation. In conclusion, our research could promote the development of GIS science.

结合GIS与虚拟地理环境（VGE）的基本理论与方法，本项目侧重于将动态的传感器实测数据融入于建筑物火场建模，对集成自然（火灾）和人文（人群疏散）地理要素的复杂地理过程进行耦合建模与地理实验分析。在机理上，研究传感器数据与建筑物火场建模的集成方式；同时对建筑物火场多要素（“人”、“地”、“火灾事件”）间的复杂作用机理进行分析，进而以此为基础对火场空间数据的组织与表达方式、火灾建模和人群疏散建模进行重点研究，最终形成面向建筑物火场多要素耦合建模的虚拟地理环境与地理实验环境。在应用上，结合传感器动态观测，以校园消防演习为案例，虚实结合开展面向人群疏散的地理实验与平行管理控制。本项目研究可服务于城市应急管理，加强GIS对微观地理环境建模与分析的能力，深化VGE和地理过程模拟的研究，促进地理信息科学发展。

本项目设计并完成了集成传感器数据的建筑物火场建模及地理实验研究。对基于WIFI室内定位设备的个体时空位置获取方法、建筑物火场多要素复杂作用机理、建筑物火场中的个体行为、建筑物火场中路径网络特征等进行了研究，并重点对建筑物火场空间数据模型、基于网格智能体的个体行为模型、建筑物火场人员路径选择模型等进行了探讨。形成了面向建筑物火场多要素耦合建模的虚拟地理环境与地理实验环境。构建了建筑物火场模拟与分析原型系统，并结合特定案例应用，开展了个体行为模拟与分析实验。本项目在面向建筑物火场的空间数据模型、建筑物火场中个体行为计算等方面进行了突破，加强了GIS与建筑物火灾应急管理的结合，在深化虚拟地理环境（VGE）和地理过程模拟的研究方面做出了贡献。本项目共发表论文11篇，取得软件著作权登记3个，获批发明专利1项。