蓝莓开花过程中花蜜呈现策略与花粉散布模式对传粉昆虫的适应性选择研究

The foraging behavior of most pollinators is regulated by nectar presenting strategies of host. As to the nectariferous plants with a variety of pollinators, their specific nectar presenting strategies may have different effects on different kinds of pollinators. We chose the Blueberry growing in the greenhouse as the experimental material. By using different kinds of bees (Bombus terrestris, Apis cerana and Apis mellifera) to provide pollination services in 3 greenhouses, we simultaneously examined the effects of nectar presenting strategies of Blueberry on visiting behavior of three kinds of bees. We also inspected the pollination efficiency of different kinds of pollinators and their effects on fruit quality and yield. Furthemore, artificial pollination with different pollen grains number (low, medium and high) were conducted to test the effects of pollination on fruit yield and quality. Further precise hand pollination to influence the amount of fruit quality fruit rate, in order to understand the mechanism of different pollinators to produce difference results for blueberry pollination, we would like to explore the best pollinating insects in blueberry production, to provide the best pollination mode effectively application technical support.

传粉者的访花行为受被访植物花蜜呈现策略的调节，对于有多种传粉者的泌蜜植物而言，其特定的花蜜呈现策略对不同传粉者的访花行为会有不同的影响，结合特定植物所具有的花药结构，花粉分发式样所形成的花粉散布机制将形成差异明显的传粉效率，这将对植物的繁殖适合度，特别是对高价值作物的座果率，产量以及优质果率均有显著影响。我们选取温室栽培蓝莓作为实验材料，利用人工控制实验，检验蓝莓在开花过程中花蜜的呈现策略和花粉的散布模式，此外，提供不同传粉者来检验蓝莓的花蜜呈现策略，花粉散布模式对3种授粉蜂（熊蜂，中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂）访花行为、传粉效率及其对果实品质与产量的影响，进一步通过人工精确授粉实验检验授粉量对果实优质果率的影响，以此搞清不同传粉者对蓝莓授粉所产生差异性结果的机制，为探索蓝莓生产中选择最佳授粉昆虫，应用最佳授粉模式提供有力地技术支撑。

本研究历经4年，主要从4个方面对蓝莓以及另外一些典型泌蜜植物花蜜的呈现模式，传粉者对花蜜呈现模式的适应性等做了深入研究，具体包括：1、蓝莓的花蜜呈现模式对不同传粉者的访花行为的影响；2、不同传粉者对蓝莓的传粉适应机制；3、典型泌蜜植物花蜜的呈现模式对传粉者的适应性研究；4、花蜜量变异和花蜜微生物如何影响传粉者行为？主要结论为：花蜜量及呈现模式显著影响访花者的行为，但不同访花者变现有差异；不同传粉者对同一植物的传粉效率不同，体现在花粉落置量有显著差异，进而影响果实产量和质量；此外，还鉴定出24种植物花蜜微生物的种类及丰度。