基于蜂窝芯宽频带结构吸波材料的设计及性能研究

Microwave absorbing material with the properties of low density, strong absorption, wide frequency band and thin thickness is getting more and more concerned for the application in stealth of weapons equipment and the avoidance of electromagnetic wave radiation. The broadband including L and S bands microwave absorption is a key problem all the time. This project will research on the mechanism and regulation of the broadband including L and S bands microwave absorption based on the honeycomb core structure absorbing materials, the research content including: 1) Explore and research on the physical mechanism and loss characteristic between the electromagnetic wave and the honeycomb core structure absorbing materials; 2) the optimization algorithm will be used to analog compute the electromagnetic wave loss properties of honeycomb core structure absorbing materials, Optimizing the structure size of honeycomb core and the electromagnetic parameters of the absorber to get the good absorption properties, and preparation of the honeycomb core structure absorbing materials samples according to the simulation. 3）The honeycomb core absorbing materials was packaged using fiberglass. This project will lay the foundation of the broadband including L and S bands microwave absorption under particular application background and conditions. That will be an important practical significance and practical value if the results of the study are used in practical application.

吸波材料在防电磁波污染和武器装备隐身方面都得到广泛应用，厚度薄、质量轻、吸收频带宽及吸收强度大是吸波材料的基本要求，其中涵盖L波段（1-2 GHz）及S波段（2-4 GHz）宽频带强吸收一直是要突破的关键问题。本项目主要拟以蜂窝芯结构吸波材料为研究对象，来研究包含L、S波段的宽频带电磁波吸收特性的机理及可调控特性，主要研究内容包括：1）探索和研究电磁波与蜂窝芯结构吸波材料作用的物理机制和损耗特性；2）选用合适的优化算法对蜂窝芯结构吸波材料进行模拟计算，优化蜂窝芯的结构尺寸及吸收剂的电磁参数，并制备相应的蜂窝芯吸波材料；3）将制备的蜂窝芯吸波材料用透波材料进行封装，制备硬质的蜂窝芯结构吸波材料。在特定的应用背景和条件下，为探索包含L、S波段宽频带强吸收研究奠定一定的基础，将这些研究成果直接应用实践具有重要的现实意义和实用价值。

蜂窝夹芯结构吸波材料具有轻质、抗压及耐盐雾腐蚀特性，同时对电磁波具有宽频带强吸收特性，在轻质高强微波吸收材料领域有着重要的应用前景。本项目以制备宽频带、强吸收、轻质蜂窝夹芯结构吸波材料为研究目标，从吸收剂损耗机制出发，制备了新型微纳米吸收剂；进一步通过仿真优化设计研究了蜂窝芯结构尺寸、涂覆层厚度、吸收剂电磁特性、蒙皮阻抗匹配特性等对蜂窝夹芯结构吸波材料的影响。提出了通过电磁复合损耗型吸收剂作为涂覆层，来增强其有效吸收带宽，进一步设计了不同孔径组合的双层蜂窝夹芯结构吸波材料和类尖劈结构的蜂窝夹芯结构吸波材料。仿真设计及实验结果表明，电磁损耗复合吸收剂作为涂覆层可以有效增强蜂窝夹芯结构吸波材料的有效吸收带宽；蜂窝芯结构尺寸的有效选取及设计可以实现吸收带宽的展宽；涂覆层厚度及蒙皮厚度的适当选取对吸波性能具有很大的影响。双层蜂窝夹芯结构吸波材料在厚度小于10 mm时，在6.5-18 GHz频段内，反射损耗值都小于-15 dB。类尖劈蜂窝夹芯结构利用阻抗匹配设计及超材料设计原理，以电磁损耗复合吸收剂为涂覆层，在总厚度小于18 mm内实现在2-18 GHz频段内，反射损耗都小于-10 dB，且在9-18 GHz频段内，反射损耗都小于-20 dB。本项目的研究结果为高性能微波蜂窝夹芯结构吸波材料的开发提供了实验支持和理论指导。