复合层状岩体灾变滑坡-锚固体系协同作用机理与锚固效果研究

Composite layered rockmass hazard landslides are widely distributed and potentially catastrophic. It is particularly important to prevent and control them with the anchorage technology. However, the synergistic interaction mechanism of the hazard landslide-anchorage system hasn’t been sufficiently studied and the treatment effect is difficult to guarantee. Taking the typical hazard landslide anchoring project as a research object, the discontinuity characteristics of rockmass in hazard landslide area and the evolution modes of hazard landslides are analyzed so as to establish the composite layered rockmass hazard landslide - anchorage system three – dimensional geomechanical model that is consistent with the evolution mode. By utilizing the physical modeling, discrete numerical modeling and field monitoring data, the synergistic interaction law of the hazard landslide – anchorage system with various evolution modes can be analyzed. The multi - parameter nonlinear mathematical mechanics model of stress and deformation of the hazard landslide - anchor system considering the evolution model can be established, the interaction mechanism of the composite layered rockmass hazard lanslide – anchorage system can be revealed. Then, the main control parameters that affect the anchoring effect can be comprehensively determined, and the associated monitoring data of the interaction between the main control parameters and the hazard landslide-anchorage system are analyzed. Finally, based on the multi-dimensional data fusion and mining methods, the multi-parameter evaluation model and evaluation criteria of anchoring effect from two aspects of strength and deformation can be established, the multi-parameter evaluation method of anchoring effect for the hazard landslide-anchorage system can be proposed. It can provide an important theoretical support for the practice of anchorage engineering.

复合层状岩体灾变滑坡分布广泛且具有潜在灾难性，采用锚固技术对其进行防治尤为重要，但目前对灾变滑坡-锚固体系协同作用机理研究不够深入，治理效果难以保证。以典型灾变滑坡锚索治理工程为研究对象，分析灾变滑坡区岩体结构特征与灾变滑坡演化模式，建立与演化模式相适应的复合层状岩体灾变滑坡-锚固体系三维地质力学模型。开展物理模型试验、非连续数值模拟并结合现场监测数据，分析不同演化模式的灾变滑坡-锚固体系协同作用规律，建立考虑演化模式的灾变滑坡-锚固体系应力和变形的多参量非线性数学力学模型，揭示复合层状岩体灾变滑坡-锚固体系作用机理。综合确定影响锚固效果的主控参量，对主控参量与灾变滑坡-锚固体系互响应的关联监测数据进行分析，利用多维数据融合与挖掘等方法，从强度和变形两个方面构建锚固效果多参量评价模型与评价判据，提出灾变滑坡-锚固体系多参量锚固效果评价方法，为锚固工程实践提供重要的理论支撑。

复合层状岩体灾变滑坡分布广泛且具有灾难性，锚固技术是灾变滑坡防治的主要措施之一。研究复合层状岩体灾变滑坡-防治结构体系协同作用机理，能够有效保障灾变滑坡治理效果。以典型水电工程区复合层状岩体灾变滑坡为研究对象，利用理论分析、室内试验、数值模拟与现场监测等方法，主要取得以下研究成果：（1）提出了基于谱分析的结构面粗糙度定量评价方法；对二维粗糙度参数进行三维拓展获取了三维粗糙度参数，并得到三维JRC值的计算方法；基于Barton所提出的JRC-JCS 模型，提出了可同时考虑结构面形貌中高频成分和低频成分峰值剪切强度定量评价模型；通过开展室内试验和数值分析，从宏细观两个方面揭示了复合层状岩体结构面剪切破坏演化规律。（2）揭示了考虑粗糙度的加锚节理剪切作用机理，建立了锚杆剪切抗力预测模型；分析了各演化指标对锚固作用下复合层状岩体结构面峰值剪切强度和锚杆变形特征的影响，完成了加锚复合层状岩体结构面剪切破坏阶段划分；基于位移反分析法，反演了灾变滑坡岩体力学参数，提出了用于评价锚固工程协同作用机理的三个衡量指标，并分析了五个关键因素对加锚前后反倾滑坡位移量、稳定性系数和锚索受力变化规律的影响。（3）提出了一种锚索加固方向不受限制时的最优锚固方向角计算方法；推导了均质和非均质岩体中锚索锚固段的应力分布规律，探究了不同参数对锚固段应力分布的影响；在锚固段受力分析的基础上探究了三种不同的内锚固段长度优化方法；基于现场监测技术，以位移与锚索测力计荷载作为主要评价依据对黄登I#灾变滑坡的锚固效果进行了评价；建立了考虑复合层状岩体灾变滑坡结构特征的SVM-PSO锚固效果评价模型，改进了基于中心点的三角白化权函数，引入集对分析理论，对层状岩体的锚固效果进行评价分级。该研究成果对于指导类似地区锚固工程优化设计具有重要的理论意义与工程应用价值。