青藏高原东南缘史前农业的传播过程及影响因素研究

The spreading process of prehistoric agriculture and its influence have been hot issues for the international academic community. This topic is also of great academic value for research on the history of prehistoric cross-continental cultural exchanges as well as the evolution of human-land relations and their mechanisms. However, most research carried out in this field concentrated on grassland and oasis routes, which has led to a lack of clear understanding of the history of the spread and development of agriculture in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, an important channel for prehistoric migration of East Asians. This is mainly limited by the lack of systematic archaeobotanical analyses and work of dating in this region. In response to this problem, the author plans to carry out systematic archaeological research in this region。Samples are collected from 12 archaeological sites in Neolithic-Bronze Age in the southeastern Tibet, southern Sichuan and northern Yunnan to undertake analyses of the macrofossil and microfossils and dating. The local subsistence strategy and its changes are explored through archaeobotanical assemblages. The temporal and spatial patterns as well as influencing factors of the spread of early agriculture from the southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau to its central part and mainland Southeast Asia are revealed by 14C dating analysis paleoclimatic research. From the perspective of agricultural spread, this research will provide key evidences and inspirations for the understanding of evolution of prehistoric human-land relationships and cultural exchanges in the southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas as well as the cultural basis for the formation of Plateau Silk Road and Southwest Silk Road.

史前农业的传播过程及影响因素是当前国际学术界的热点问题，对认识史前跨大陆文化交流的历史和人地关系演变的机制具有重要的学术价值。目前该领域研究多集中在欧亚大陆中高纬的草原和绿洲路线。青藏高原东南缘是早期人群跨地区迁徙的重要通道，但当地史前农业传播和发展的历史尚不清晰，主要受限于系统植物考古和测年工作的匮乏。针对这一问题，本项目拟以青藏高原东南缘及周边为研究区，选择农业传播通道上关键地区的考古遗址采集样品，进行植物大化石、微体化石分析和年代测定，研究史前生业模式的时空特征；结合古气候和考古学成果，复原早期农业从青藏高原东南缘向高原中部和中南半岛传播的时空格局，及其与环境变化和跨地区文化交流之间的关系。本项目将从农业传播的角度为认识青藏高原东南缘及周边史前人地关系演变和文化交流史、以及高原丝绸之路和西南丝绸之路形成的文化基础提供关键证据和启示。

青藏高原史前人类活动历史与适应机制是学术界广泛关注的热点问题，已有研究显示农业在人类定居青藏高原的过程中发挥了重要作用。但受限于系统植物考古和测年工作的匮乏，青藏高原地区尤其是其南部地区早期农业的形成与发展历史尚不明朗。. 本项目把青藏高原置于欧亚大陆东部早期农业传播的背景下进行考察，梳理了已经发表的考古遗址出土的早期农作物遗存和直接测年数据，并在青藏高原东南部地区的考古遗址中系统取样，通过植物遗存分析、碳十四年代测定和考古学背景分析，发现在欧亚大陆东部，分别起源于中国南方与北方的稻作与粟作农业自北向南存在多条传播通道，其中青藏高原东缘的横断山区是早期农业传播的重要通道，这条通道也促成了粟作农业在公元前三千纪开始向高原腹地扩散。在公元前二千纪中期，起源于西亚的麦作农业有一支经中国西北，再次沿着高原东缘向南传播；与此同时，南亚北部的麦作农业也穿越喜马拉雅进入高原南部地区。早期农业在青藏高原及其周边地区的传播为后世高原丝绸之路的形成奠定了基础。. 本项目深化了对青藏高原尤其是南部地区早期农业发生和发展过程的认识，勾勒了青藏高原及其周边地区早期农业的传播框架，揭示了早期跨区域农业传播对于区域文化发展的重要影响，亦对其他跨区域的文化交流研究有着借鉴和参考价值。