基于重金属超累积植物的纳米光催化剂结构调控及其性能研究

It was confirmed that the nano particles of ZnO and CuxZn1-xO, nano carbon materials, carbon nanotube/ZnO (CuxZn1-xO) composite could be synthesized using hyperaccumulator plants as feedstock. However, the structural control methods of nano materials which were synthesized from hyperaccumulator plants, need to be perfected and improved. And the reaction pathways and the mechanisms of direct synthesis of carbon nanotube/ZnO (CuxZn1-xO) nanocomposite, using hyperaccumulator plants, need to be studied and explored further. In this work, the hyperaccumulator plants will be used as feedstock, and the nano materials with good physical-chemical properties and high photocatalytic activities will be synthesized by adjusting and controlling the preparation conditions. The carbon nanotube/ZnO (CuxZn1-xO) nanocomposite will be synthesized directly by pyrolysis with oxygen auxiliary method and hydrothermal/solvothermal method. The morphology, structure, and composition characteristic of synthesized nano materials will be revealed by various characterization. The effects of photocatalytic activities and stabilities on the photocatalytic degradation of phenols endocrine disruptors in water by the nano materials synthesized from hyperaccumulator plants will be investigated. The preparation of nano materials with catalytic activities of ultraviolet and visible light not only can reduce and simplify the cost and production technology of synthesizing nano photocatalysis material, but also can achieve the aim of using "waste" to control pollution. Therefore, the research possesses important theory significance, application prospect, and promotion value.

目前已证实超累积植物可作为制备ZnO及CuxZn1-xO纳米粒子、纳米碳材料、碳纳米管/ZnO(CuxZn1-xO)的原料。但制备纳米材料的结构调控方法需进一步完善及优化。而且，以超累积植物为原料直接制备碳纳米管/ZnO(CuxZn1-xO)的反应途径及机理尚需进一步深入研究和探讨。本研究拟以超累积植物为原料，通过调控制备条件，获得具有优异表面物理化学性质及较高光催化活性的纳米材料；通过氧气辅助热解法及水热/溶剂热法直接制备碳纳米管/ZnO(CuxZn1-xO)；通过各种表征手段，揭示制得纳米材料的形貌、结构和组成特征；考察制得纳米材料对水中酚类内分泌干扰物的光催化降解性能和稳定性。这种利用可再生资源制备具有紫外光及可见光光催化活性纳米材料的方法，不但降低了纳米光催化材料的制备成本、简化制备工艺，而且达到以"废"治污的目的，具有重要的理论意义、应用前景及推广价值。

以植物废弃物为原料，采用本课题组设计的合成路线制备了 ZnO、CuxZn1-xO 纳米粒子、碳纳米管、石墨烯、碳纳米球及其复合纳米材料，成功制备了碳纳米管/琼脂糖及石墨烯/环糊精电极，并将制备的黑磷与制得的石墨烯进行了杂化，考察了制得纳米材料及电极对水中染料、氯酚类以及抗生素类污染物的光电催化性能。研究结果表明：（1）球磨时间、蒸氨方式及投加表面活性剂对制备金属氧化物纳米粒子的分散及粒径有一定的影响；（2）纤维素及木质素的酸性水解速度差异及水解产物的溶解性不同是碳纳米管纳米通道形成的主要原因；（3）碳纳米管经氧化展开可形成石墨烯，石墨烯进一步氧化卷曲可形成碳纳米球；（4）制得纳米材料对水中有机污染物均表现了较好的去除效果。本项目组研发了以超累积植物为原料，制备具有催化活性和稳定性纳米材料的方法，完善、优化利用重金属超累积植物制备纳米材料的调控方法，丰富了重金属超累积植物的产后资源化利用途径，研究周期内发表具有较高研究水平的 SCI 论文 10 篇，申请发明专利 3 项。这种利用可再生资源制备具有催化活性纳米材料的方法，不但降低了催化材料的制备成本、简化制备工艺，而且达到以“废”治污的目的，具有重要的科学意义。