剪切增稠胶的力学行为与作用机理研究

When encountering the external stress, the shear thickening smart materials can adjust their mechanical characteristics. Thus they have attracted intensive interests of researchers in the safe protection area all over the world. They mainly consist of shear thickening fluid (STF), STF/Kevlar composite, and shear thickening gel (STG). To overcome the weakness in the area of shear thickening fluid and STF/Kevlar composite, we proposed this proposal based on our pre-studies. Here, we will focus on optimizing the preparation of the shear thickening gel, designing the mechanical property measurement system, and investigating its unique protection behavior. In combing the experimental study, theoretic analysis and computer simulation together, the mechanical behavior of STG under different shear rate will be investigated. By studying the structure dependent mechanical property, the anti-shocking mechanism will be obtained. Then, the relative mechanical model will be established and the behavior simulation of the composite materials will be conducted. Based on the above results, we will design novel safe protection device, develop multifunctional body armor, analyze their protection ability, and then promote the practical application of shear thickening gel.

剪切增稠型智能材料能够根据环境应力场刺激自动调节自身力学性能，因而在安全防护材料领域引起世界各国专家的高度重视。目前，在安全防护领域最受关注的剪切增稠型智能材料主要有剪切增稠液、剪切增稠液/纤维复合材料和剪切增稠胶三种。本申请针对剪切增稠液及其复合材料的不足，在已有的预研基础上，优化剪切增稠胶材料的制备方法，建立剪切增稠胶材料的力学性能测试表征系统，从理论和实验两方面研究不同应变率条件下剪切增稠胶材料的力学行为，结合力学性能与内在微观结构演化，探索该类智能材料在抗冲、吸能过程中的实际机理，建立能正确描述其力学行为的模型。最后，结合理论和实验结果，优化设计智能安全防护器件，推动剪切增稠胶材料的工程应用。

本项目对剪切增稠胶复合材料的制备工艺、力学行为、微观结构、作用机理和应用基础等方面进行了全面的研究。项目历时4年，取得了一定的成果。通过探究不同基体材料、增强相颗粒等因素对于材料体系力学性能的影响，研制出了具有力-磁、力-电、力-光多场耦合特性的高性能剪切增稠胶复合材料。构建了适用于低、中、高应变率载荷范围的力学测试分析平台，系统地表征了剪切增稠胶材料的应变率相关力学行为。建立了粘弹性本构模型并结合数值模拟方法，明确了剪切增稠材料宏观力学性能与微观结构之间的相互关系。设计了兼具动态传感与抗冲击性能的智能可穿戴应用器件。本工作可为新型智能防护结构的研究设计提供理论和实验依据。项目执行期间，发表国际期刊论文36篇（均被SCI收录，35篇被EI收录）；发表国内期刊1篇；申请实用新型专利3项，授权2项；申请发明专利6项,授权1项；已培养博士毕业生8名,硕士毕业生2名；参加国内国外相关学术会议与同行交流25人次。研究成果远远超过了申请时的预期。