黄河三角洲湿地水文连通格局变化的生态效应及调控机理

Understanding anthropogenic impacts on wetland hydrological connectivity and their ecological effects in estuaries and deltas is not only an emerging frontier in hydrological and environmental sciences under intensifying watershed human activities and climate change, but is also urgently required for sustainable development of coastal economic zones such as the Yellow River Delta Eco-economic Zone recently approved the Central Government. Focusing on wetland hydrological connectivity issues in the Yellow River Delta, this proposal is to (1) conduct an in-depth analysis of patterns and drivers of changes in wetland hydrological connectivity, develop quantitative relationships between hydrological connectivity types/strength and wetland habitat patterns, and reveal the effects of changes in wetland hydrological connectivity on habitat homogeneity and heterogeneity; (2) explore the effects of changes in different types of hydrological connectivity on wetland biological connectivity (typical wetland plants and animals), analyze hydrological connectivity thresholds in the strength of trophic interactions in wetland food chains, and assess long-term impacts of changes in wetland hydrological patterns on key ecosystem processes; and (3) build multi-dimensional optimization models of wetland hydrological networks using adjustment, reconstruction, and replacement analysis of core components of impaired wetland hydrological networks, identify key nodes, paths, or functional properties of hydrological and biological connectivity networks, and simulate different combinations of these connectivity models, in order to strengthen wetland assistance to and recovery potential from disturbances. The proposed research here will provide support for resolving fundamental scientific questions faced by the development of the Yellow River Delta Eco-economic Zone and other coastal economic zones, and will also contribute to advancing basic scientific theories in ecohydraulics.

面向黄河三角洲生态经济区发展战略需求和学术前沿，针对上下游重大人类活动和气候变化对三角洲湿地水文连通的胁迫以及进而产生的生态效应，深入分析水文连通格局变化特别是纵向、横向和垂向水文连通变化型式和驱动因素，建立水文连通类型、强度与湿地生境格局定量关系，揭示水文连通变化对生境格局同质性和异质性作用规律；探讨不同类型水文连通格局变化对典型湿地动植物连通性的影响，分析食物链各营养级间作用强度转变的关键水文连通阈值，评估水文连通格局变化对关键生态系统的长期影响；通过对受损水文连通核心结构进行调整、重建或替代分析，构建水文连通多维湿地网络优化模型，对网络中水文连通和生物连通的关键节点、流路或路径、功能属性进行剖析，模拟不同水文连通和生物连通各类组合模式，以增强湿地对干扰的抵抗力和恢复力。研究为解决黄河三角洲生态经济区面临的基础科学问题提供支持，并推动我国生态水利基础科学理论的发展。

项目针对人类活动与气候变化双重胁迫引起的黄河三角洲水文连通变化所产生的生态效应等问题，在水文连通格局变化特征和驱动因素、水文连通变化对湿地生境格局的影响、水文连通变化对生物连通的影响以及受损水文连通的调控机理四个方面进行了研究。任务全部完成，取得了创新性成果。.（1）构建了水文连通强度变化下湿地地貌演化模型，采用连通度指数揭示了近40年来黄河三角洲纵向、横向水文连通度变化规律。.（2）阐明了滨海湿地水文结构连通与功能连通的稳定性原理，发现了水文连通变化下河口湿地生境的自强化反馈作用。.（3）明确了关键营养级结构及其功能特征对水文连通变化的响应阈值，辨识了水文连通和生物连通变化的级联效应。.（4）提出了基于水文连通格局的植被恢复策略优化配置模式，构建了基于水文-生物连通优化调控的滨海湿地生态修复模式。.本项目在Global Change Biology，Journal of Ecology，Geophysical Research Letters，Water Resources Research等生态水利主流期刊上发表学术论文113篇（第一、二标注），其中SCI论文84篇，中文核心期刊论文29篇。SCI论文总被引1300余次。项目主要成果被Science advance、PNAS、Global Change Biology、Journal of Ecology、等国际著名学术期刊，《Creating and Restoring Wetlands》等多部学术专著（教材、专刊），美国、英国、德国、澳大利亚等多个国家知名高校和科研院所的硕、博士学位论文引用等；被Cornell University官网、BUTTER等国内外相关科技组织和科技媒体积极报道，受到了国内外同行的广泛关注。在SCI刊物Wetlands、Water、Sustainability上出版了河口湿地生态保护与修复主题的专刊。授权国家发明专利3项，国际发明专利3项。获得中央领导批示、中办等部门批复咨询报告5份。指导黄河三角洲湿地生态修复实践工程500余亩。本项目的实施支撑了“黄河口湿地生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站”的获批。共有4名教授、2名副教授、2名讲师参与本项目。本项目培养国家万人计划科技创新领军人才1名，科技部中青年科技创新领军人才1名。培养出站博士后6名，博士毕业生20名，硕士毕业生16名。