生境管理对增加茶园天敌蜘蛛群落及控害功能研究

Pesticides and other chemical contaminant residues have caused a serious threat on production safety and human health. At present, Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda and other pests become very common and do serious harm to tea. There is a basic knowledge about the relationship of crop-pests-natural enemies indifferent landscape patterns and under different habitat managements, but the mechanism of interactions between tea-pests-natural enemies and the surrounding habitats of tea plantation has not yet been elucidated. This study will establish the spider leafhoppers interaction model by exploring the management of habitat diversity of spider populations under the field test system, and the group function are used as control. Differences of characteristic quality components on tea aroma and chemical composition can be revealed through GC-MS and R（ADE-4）combined with chemometrics analysis, respectively, and the qualitative analysis and pathway analysis of differential compounds will be performed, which can explore the effects of habitat management in tea plantations. To parse the relationship among spider communities, leafhopper populations, harm traits and the tea quality, comprehensive association analysis of different habitat managements in tea plantations. The study is expected to reveal habitat management on pest control function, and is helpful to clarify the mechanism of interactions between tea-pests-natural enemies in tea plantation, providing a new way to protect the biological diversity.

农药等化学污染物残留对茶叶质量安全和人类健康造成严重威胁，茶树害虫生物防治已刻不容缓。目前有关害虫综合防控虽有较多研究，但茶园生境与害虫及天敌相互作用关系的机理尚缺乏深入研究。本项目拟通过系统的田间试验，探讨生境管理对茶园蜘蛛种群数量多样性、功能群研究的影响，建立蜘蛛-叶蝉相互作用模型；采用 GC-MS结合R（ADE-4）多元数据分析技术手段，探究生境管理对茶叶香气和化学成分的影响；综合蜘蛛群落、叶蝉种群、危害性状、茶叶品质等结果进行关联分析，解析生境管理-蜘蛛-叶蝉-茶叶品质之间的相关性研究。研究结果有望揭示茶园生境管理对控害功能的影响，有助阐明茶园生境结构改善提高天敌对害虫种群自然调控的作用机理，为保护生物多样性实施害虫生态防控提供新途径。

虫害是影响茶叶外观和品质的主要影响因素之一，而茶园中虫害的控制也是茶园管理的重大挑战。虽然化学农药能够控制虫害，但是其残留对环境和茶叶安全带来极大隐患。通过开展生境管理对茶园蜘蛛种群数量多样性和功能群研究，生境管理-蜘蛛-叶蝉-茶叶品质之间的相关性研究，采用 GC-MS结合R（ADE-4）多元数据分析技术，结合产量测定、虫害控制调查、代谢物和转录组分析来评估生境管理的效果，结果显示生境管理的茶园不仅节肢动物群落多样性提高、有利于蜘蛛对叶蝉的调控，而且茶园产量增加、害虫天敌的数量也能维持较高水平、茶叶的EGCG含量明显提高、香气物质成分也更加丰富，也没有检测出任何化学农药残留。在实践上为保护生物多样性实施害虫生态防控提供新途径。