Halbach磁阵多浮体直接式海波发电中的若干关键问题

Ocean wave energy is of great value for exploration.However, current ocean wave energy conversion devices have such drawbacks as low energy transferring ratio,unstable electric output, low reliability to impact due to their complicated structures,which limits their applications. It is requested to investigate a high-effective and simplified method. This proposal present a specific series-connected direct energy conversion structure to overcome the above drawbacks, and do related science research on it . Multidisciplinary methods and theories like hydrodynamics, multi-body dynamics and electromagnetics are employed for analysis of wave characteristics，hydrodynamics, structure dynamics response, and magnetic-electric mechanics, so as to setup dynamics or other models of the structure. Multidisciplinary optimization method is used to optimize the dynamic and magnetic-electric parameters under statistic wave parameters. A Halbach magnets array structure is present for magnetic-electric energy conversion to enhance its efficiency. Afterwards, a self-tuning control method is investigated to change the dynamics response of the structure by hybridly adjusting the strengths of the magnetic fields and PWM virtual loading for maximum power point tracking. Finally, experiments will be carried out to validate the above methods, then fabricate a prototype. The research results are probably used for ocean platforms for small islands or the island individual multi-energy supply system, which has great application prospect.

海洋波浪能蕴藏丰富，极具开发价值。但是，大多数海洋波能发电装置存在能量转换效率低、机械复杂等缺点，制约了它的推广应用。因此有必要研究一种高效率简单的方法。本项目提出一种独特的模块化串联直接式能量转换结构，研究其相关科学问题。利用水动力学、多体动力学、电磁力学、电学等多学科的方法和理论，进行波浪特征分析、水动力分析、结构受力分析，以建立能量采集结构的动力学模型及相关模型；通过多学科协作优化，获得统计学波浪特征意义下的最优动力响应特性和电磁参数；提出将Halbach永磁阵列用于波浪采集结构中，提高能量转换的效率；提出一种励磁强度和PWM虚拟负载混合调节的最大功率跟踪控制在线自调节策略，使换能结构在波浪变化时始终保持最佳换能效率；最终经过试验和改进，获得原理样机。研究成果将为海洋平台以及海岛多能互补独立电力系统的建设提供依据，具有重要推广应用价值。

本项目提出一种新型的基于Halbach永磁阵列的模块化串联直接式能量转换结构，用于海洋波浪能量的转换。在典型海域波浪能量信息采集和分析的基础上，进行了波浪能采集装置的结构设计。对多浮筒结构进行了水动力学、多体动力学、电磁力学等的分析和建模；提出了2种直驱式Halbach永磁阵列电磁能量转换结构，对结构进行了仿真和试验验证；通过多学科优化，获得了典型波浪下的能量采集结构的最优尺寸、重量和电磁学参数；提出一种基于虚拟负载概念的励磁强度调节最大功率跟踪控制自适应调节策略；对以上方法和模型进行了造波池的验证试验，取得了良好的效果。项目产生原理样机1台，发表论文23篇，其中SCI收录16篇，EI收录论文3篇，会议论文4篇，申请或授权专利14项。