仿爆炸梯度多胞子弹的载荷调控和冲击性能研究

With the invention of new types of lightweight composite structures, it is urgent to develop dynamic experimental technique simulating explosion loading to understand their blast-resistant performance. The simulation of explosion loading using a metallic foam projectile is simple, safe, economical and controllable, but the simulation of uniform foam projectile on the attenuation of explosion loading is coarse. Introduction of graded cellular projectile with a proper gradient distribution may achieve accurate control of the impact load. This project aims to establish a design method of graded cellular projectile simulating explosion loading, in which the gradient distribution is determined by an inverse solving method of a shock model, to select and optimize the meso-structures of graded cellular projectile using cell-based finite element models, to investigate the impact properties of graded cellular projectile by 3D printing technique and dynamic testing method, and to reveal the regulation of impact load with meso-structures and gradient distributions of graded cellular projectiles. A coupled analysis model for the impact of a graded cellular projectile on a metallic foam sandwich panel will be established to explore the influence of target plate deformation on the design of graded cellular projectile. A precise dynamic loading technique will be developed to simulate the load in air and underwater explosions by combination of the wave propagation characteristics analysis, the cell-based finite element simulation, the rapid prototyping and the dynamic testing method. This project provides a new idea for the design, processing and application of graded cellular materials, and it is helpful to promote the development of dynamic experimental techniques and material design methods.

随着新型高强韧轻质复合结构的开发，亟需发展仿爆炸实验技术以了解其抗爆炸性能。采用泡沫金属子弹模拟爆炸载荷在实现上简单、安全、经济、可控，但均匀的泡沫子弹对爆炸载荷衰减规律的模拟较粗糙，引入梯度多胞子弹则可能实现通过梯度设计准确地调控冲击载荷。本项目拟建立仿爆炸梯度多胞子弹的设计方法，运用冲击波模型反向求解梯度分布，使用细观有限元模型筛选和优化细观构型，采用3D打印技术和动态测试方法研究梯度多胞子弹的冲击性能，揭示细观构型和梯度分布对梯度多胞子弹冲击载荷的调控规律，并发展梯度多胞子弹冲击泡沫金属夹芯板的耦合分析模型，探讨靶板变形对梯度多胞子弹设计的影响。通过波传播特性分析、细观有限元模拟、快速成型加工和动态实验测试相结合的方法，发展精准的仿爆炸实验加载技术，以实现对空中/水下爆炸载荷的模拟。本项目的研究为多胞材料的设计、加工和应用提供了新思路，有助于推动动态实验技术和材料设计方法的发展。

梯度多胞子弹具有模拟爆炸载荷的潜力，但不合理的设计可能难以模拟出爆炸载荷的强非线性衰减特征，亟需构建合理的理论模型以指导仿爆炸子弹的密度梯度设计、精准制造和实际应用。本项目以理论分析、数值模拟和实验测试相结合的方法，深入研究了多胞材料的本构模型、仿爆炸梯度多胞子弹的多尺度设计策略和增材制备方法、梯度多胞子弹与被测靶体的耦合作用效应，取得了预期的研究成果。.(1) 确定了增材制备多胞材料在单轴压缩下的准静态材料参数，探讨了不同基体材料和增材制备技术对多胞材料力学性能的影响，提出了一种通过梯度多胞材料动态冲击实验确定多胞材料动态材料参数及其密度依赖性的测试方法。.(2) 发展了一种简便、安全、经济、精准的仿爆炸加载测试技术，提出了仿爆炸梯度多胞子弹的多尺度设计策略，探讨了不同基材对梯度多胞子弹理论设计的影响，实现了梯度多胞子弹的增材制备和仿爆炸测试。.(3) 提出了多胞子弹冲击柔性靶体的耦合分析模型，精准预测了多胞子弹对柔性靶体的真实冲击载荷，阐明了多胞子弹与靶体的耦合作用效应，明确了靶体变形对多胞子弹冲击载荷的影响，数值模拟和实验测试验证了该分析模型的精准性。.(4) 突破了考虑弹靶耦合效应的仿爆炸梯度多胞子弹的多尺度设计策略，构建了涉及柔性靶体影响的梯度多胞子弹的密度设计模型，数值模拟和实验测试验证了梯度多胞子弹对爆炸载荷的模拟效果，探讨了仿爆炸子弹的适用测试情形和参数选取策略。 .相关成果发表在International Journal of Impact Engineering、Thin-Walled Structures、力学学报、爆炸与冲击等国内外重要期刊上。该课题的研究为仿爆炸梯度多胞子弹提供新颖的设计策略和应用指导，对发展实验环境下的仿爆炸加载测试技术具有重要的意义。