生物炭对土壤中抗生素和重金属复合污染的阻控作用及机制研究

The co-contamination of heavy metals and antibiotics in soils is the emerging environmental problem. Biochar is utilized as the new immobilization materials to enhance the simultaneous sorption of soils for heavy metals and antibiotics and then reduce the transport and bioavailability of them. The special objectives of this project are (1) to ascertain the role mechanism for the competition or synergic sorption of the co-exist heavy metals and antibiotics in soils; (2) to screen the biochar with high adsorption capacity to heavy metals and antibiotics from aqueous solutions; (3) to ascertain the role mechanism of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in affecting the simultaneous sorption of biochar for heavy metals and antibiotics; (4) to investigate the effect of biochar on the sorption/desorption and bioavailability of heavy metals and antibiotics in the co-contaminated soils and then to ascertain the role mechanism of biochar in simultaneously enhancing the immobilization of heavy metals and antibiotics in co-contaminated soils. The research results can provide the valuable information for the immobilization remediation of the co-contaminated soils with heavy metals and antibiotics.

本项目针对当前农田土壤中日益突显的重金属和抗生素复合污染，以生物炭为钝化修复材料，深入、系统研究生物炭对土壤中重金属和抗生素复合污染的阻控作用及机制。通过研究共存重金属和抗生素在土壤中的吸附/解吸行为及影响因素，探明重金属和抗生素在土壤中的竞争/协同吸附作用及机制；通过研究不同生物炭度对共存重金属和抗生素的吸附性能及影响因素，筛选对重金属和抗生素同时具有高效吸附性能的生物炭，探明其吸附作用及机理；在探明溶解性有机质促进/抑制生物炭吸附重金属和抗生素的作用机制基础上，研究生物炭对重金属和抗生素在土壤中的吸附/解吸行为和生物有效性的影响，探明生物炭增强土壤吸附固定及阻控植物吸收重金属和抗生素的作用及机制。研究结果可为建立土壤中重金属和抗生素复合污染的缓解和阻控修复技术提供理论依据。

本项目针对当前农田土壤中日益突显的重金属和抗生素复合污染，深入、系统研究了生物炭对重金属和抗生素的吸附性能、影响因素及作用机制。研究了土壤组分对抗生素和重金属在土壤及生物炭上吸附的影响，探明了不同土壤组分对四环素和重金属的吸附贡献以及四环素和铜在不同土壤组分上的交互作用机制，探明了土壤矿物与生物炭相互作用对生物炭吸附磺胺甲恶唑的影响及微观作用机制；阐明了生物碳吸附抗生素和重金属的作用机制及构效关系，探明去矿物处理对生物炭吸附西维因和土霉素的影响及作用机制；探明了氧化作用（模拟老化）对生物炭吸附四环素和铜影响及作用机制以及四环素和铜在生物炭上的相互作用及机制，制备了高稳定性、抗氧化性及高吸附性能的复合生物炭材料；探明了鸡粪肥溶出有机质对生物炭吸附环丙沙星和重金属的影响及作用机制；探讨了生物碳对土壤吸附土霉素和阿特拉津的影响及作用机制。研究结果可为建立土壤中重金属和抗生素复合污染的缓解和阻控修复技术提供理论依据。