降雨诱发土质边坡失稳滑移的主动传感监测理论及试验研究

Rain-induced landslides are frequent geological disasters in mountainous and hilly areas. Although many slope monitoring technologies have been widely used at present, these technologies have their own shortcomings and limitations. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to provide new monitoring technique and early warning method for slope slip. The applicant's previous research found that the detection signals from the piezoelectric smart aggregates embedded in the rock slope have a good correspondence with the slope slip process. Based on the previous research, this project intends to study the soil slope and borehole embedded piezoelectric smart aggregates under rainfall infiltration conditions. Through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, model test and in-situ testing, the influence of rainfall-induced landslide on stress wave propagation characteristics will be analyzed using piezoelectric active sensing method. The mechanism, performance and applicability of piezoelectric smart aggregates for monitoring deep slip and moisture content of slope will be studied and determined. The relationship between the detected stress wave and the slope slip, the soil moisture content will be revealed. A theory of rainfall-induced soil slope deep slip monitoring based on dynamic measurement information will be established. The implementation of this project is expected to provide a reference for the further study of slope deep slip monitoring based on piezoelectric active sensing method. It will also provide an evidence for the application of piezoelectric active sensing in actual slop monitoring. The theoretical method provides a new research direction and research value for slope slip monitoring.

降雨诱发型滑坡是山地丘陵区经常发生的地质灾害。尽管目前已有众多滑坡监测技术，但这些技术均存在各自的缺点和局限性。因此，为边坡提供新的监测预警方法显得非常重要和迫切。申请人前期研究发现，埋置于边坡内部的压电智能骨料的应力波检测信号与边坡的失稳滑移过程有较好的对应关系。鉴于此，本课题拟以降雨入渗条件下土质边坡和钻孔埋入式压电智能骨料为研究对象，采用压电主动传感法，通过理论分析、数值模拟、模型试验和原位测试等手段，分析降雨对土质边坡内部应力波传播特性的影响，研究并确定压电智能骨料监测边坡深部滑移和含水率的机制、性能和适用性，揭示检测应力波与边坡滑移量和土体含水率的关系，建立基于动态测量信息的降雨诱发土质边坡深部滑移监测理论。本课题的实施，预期可以为基于压电主动传感法的边坡滑移监测进一步深入研究及其在实际边坡监测中的应用提供参考。该理论方法为边坡监测提供了一个崭新的科研方向和研究价值。

滑坡是极具破坏性的地质灾害之一。我国每年因滑坡灾害造成的经济财产损失巨大，人员伤亡惨重。对潜在的重点滑坡体采取切实有效的监测，并依据监测数据进行早期预防和预警无疑是减轻滑坡灾害最有效的途径之一。本课题旨在运用压电传感技术对典型岩质/土质滑坡的深部滑移开展探索性试验研究。分别采用不同类型的压电智能传感器对岩质滑坡的层间滑移和土质滑坡的顺层滑移进行监测试验研究，探究并确定了压电智能骨料和压电薄膜传感器在岩质/土质滑坡深部滑移监测中的可行性和适用性。主要研究内容如下：.（1）利用压电智能骨料传感器和机电阻抗技术，进行了岩质滑坡的层间滑移监测试验研究. 针对含有层间软弱夹层的岩质滑坡，探讨了其在竖向荷载作用下埋置于软夹层附近的压电智能骨料的电阻抗变化规律。结果表明：压电智能骨料在监测岩质滑坡层间滑移方面具有显著潜力，其电导谱特征曲线在滑坡滑移过程中呈现出了规律性变化，且距离软夹层越近的传感器对层间滑移越灵敏。.（2）基于压电薄膜传感器和波动传感技术，开展了土质滑坡深部顺层滑移监测试验研究. 在实验室设计并制作了黏贴有压电薄膜传感器的智能探测杆件。通过将其埋置于土质滑坡模型内部，进而对滑坡深部顺层滑移进行了监测研究。研究结果验证了应力波的幅值、频谱功率、能量作为反映土质滑坡深部滑移状态的可行性和可靠性。.（3）基于智能探测杆件和机电阻抗技术，开展了土质滑坡深部顺层滑移监测试验研究. 探究了土质滑坡顺层滑移对智能探测杆件及黏贴在其表面的压电传感器电阻抗信号的影响。研究结果表明：提出的智能探测杆件在判定土质滑坡深部滑移的位置、方向、滑动位移等方面是可行且有效的。此外，基于统计指标的定量分析方法，提出的均方根偏差指数和相关系数偏差指数，也被证明是表征土质滑坡深部滑移的可靠指标。该研究为土质滑坡的深部顺层滑移监测提出了一种新的技术途径和方法。