新型复合材料夹芯结构的设计、制备及其力学性能研究

As a high efficient structure (material) with lightweight, high toughness, corrosion resistance, impact resistance and so on, composite sandwich structure has already been widely applied in aviation and astronautics field, while in ocean transportation and sea-defense filed of our country, the application is still in its infancy. The research on fiber reinforced composites sandwich structure replacing the conventional naval and vehicle construction material such as steel and alloy etc has become one of the hot spots. This project is aimed at designing and manufacturing a noval sandwich structure composited with core metal-foams cores and glass (carbon) fiber reinforced composite laminates as face-sheet, and conducting research on mechanical properties and flame retardancy. The main points are as follows. For the specific engineering requirements in ship-building materials, objective function will be used to optimize the face-sheet and core of sandwich structure with aluminium foam, and one-step processing technology will be explored. Besides, kinds of mechanical properties, failure modes under different loadings and flame retardancy of sandwich structure will be mainly researched by the combinations of mesomechanics theory, experimental and numerical simulation. Additionally, the internal correlative mechanism between the micro-characteristics of the composite sandwich structure and the macro-mechanical responses will also be revealed, and the design, preparation and evaluation methods of sandwich structure will be finally given. All above will provides scientific reference and technological storage for the design and preparation of the future high performance naval ships, especially for the ship structural material selections.

复合材料夹芯结构（材料）作为一种集轻质、高强韧、耐腐蚀、抗冲击等特点的高效结构，已广泛应用于航天航空领域，而在我国海洋运输及海域国防领域的应用还处于起步阶段。国际上以纤维增强复合材料夹芯结构取代传统的舰船车辆制造（钢铁、合金等）的研究已成为热点课题之一。本项目以金属泡沫为芯材、玻璃（碳）纤维增强复合材料层合板为面板，设计制备一种新型夹芯结构，并对其力学性能及其阻燃特性进行研究。主要内容包括：针对舰船材料特定的工程需求，采用目标函数优化泡沫铝夹芯结构（面、芯）；探索一次成型制备方法；以细观力学理论、实验与树值模拟相结合的方法，重点研究该种夹芯结构的力学性能，不同载荷下破坏模式及其阻燃特性；揭示复合材料金属夹芯结构的细观特性与宏观力学响应之间的内在关联机制；给出该种夹芯结构的设计制备及评价方法，为我国未来军用及高性能舰船的设计制造，特别是在选材方面提供科学参考依据及技术储备。

复合材料夹芯结构作为一种集轻质、高强韧、耐腐蚀、抗冲击等特点于一体的高效结构，已广泛应用于航天航空领域，而在海洋运输及海域国防等领域的应用尚处于起步阶段。本项目以研发新型复合材料夹芯结构为目标，通过成型方法探索、结构优化设计以及对其力学性能开展综合研究，制备出力学性能优异兼具阻燃特性的复合材料夹芯结构，研究成果可为航空飞行器及现代舰船材料的设计制造提供理论依据及技术储备。本项主要研究成果包括：在综合考虑了纤维种类及配比、纤维铺设角度的前提下对夹芯结构进行了优化，设计制备出具有抗冲击、吸能等性能的复合材料金属泡沫夹芯结构；探索了复合材料金属泡沫夹芯结构的一次成型制备工艺，发现了一次成型工艺在提升面/芯界面粘接性能方面的优势及不足；通过研究复合材料金属泡沫夹芯结构在不同工况载荷下的力学响应特性及其损伤破坏模式，并与典型的点阵夹芯结构以及褶皱夹芯结构进行对比分析，给出了评价金属泡沫夹芯结构的力学性能方法；对复合材料金属泡沫夹芯结构的阻燃性能开展了试验研究，重点考察其在热冲击后的力学行为，通过过火后剩余强度的评价给出了该结构阻燃特性实验表征方法；对典型点阵夹芯结构的主动换热特性及基于力-热性能的优化设计进行了探索，揭示了点阵夹芯结构的换热机制，给出了结构换热性能随热控系统的主要因素的变化规律，确定了最大换热效率的速度阈值及芯子杆件倾角。