围岩与相变装置蓄冷对矿井避难硐室控温除湿的热湿过程机理研究

Mine refuge chamber is an extremely important building to save miners’ lives when mine disaster happens. However, the mine destruction poses a threat of being no-power and enclosed space; yet there is no corresponding method to control mine temperature and humidity. To solve this problem, therefore, this project puts forward a coupled temperature and humidity control system of envelope combined with phase change materials based on pre-cooling in mine refuge chamber. During safe period, the mine is pre-cooled by ventilation; during disaster period, the temperature and humidity in chamber is controlled by surrounding rock and phase change unit in the way of thermal storage and condensation on surface. However, the process of thermal storage and condensation on surface of surrounding rock and phase change unit and the regulation mechanism on temperature and humidity are still unclear. Thus, this project further deals it with heat transfer theory and heat and mass transfer theory; experimental test is conducted to analyze the phase change process and condensation on surface process of phase change unit under natural convention; the model of temperature and humidity control system of envelope combined with phase change unit based on pre-cooling is built. Supported by the theoretical and experimental work, a design strategy on temperature and humidity control system of envelope combined with phase change unit based on pre-cooling is made, providing theoretical reference and data support for the construction of the temperature and humidity control system in the refuge chamber.

矿井避难硐室是保障矿工生命安全的最后一条防线，井下结构的破坏使其面临成为封闭无源空间的危险，目前尚缺乏安全、可靠的控温除湿手段。本项目提出利用围岩与相变装置蓄冷对矿井避难硐室进行控温除湿的方法，平时通过硐室通风对围岩与相变装置进行蓄冷，避灾期间围岩与相变装置以内部蓄热和表面析湿方式对硐室温湿度进行无源被动控制，但复杂自然对流条件下的围岩与相变装置蓄热及表面析湿特性及其对硐室热湿环境耦合动态调控机理尚不明确。本项目拟从传热学和热质交换理论出发，采用试验测试分析自然对流作用下相变装置内部熔化与表面析湿过程变化规律，建立围岩与相变装置共同蓄热及表面析湿作用下硐室内温湿度动态变化模型，利用实验验证后的模型研究硐室内围岩与相变装置耦合控温除湿机理，最终形成具有理论和试验支撑的基于围岩与相变装置蓄冷的硐室控温除湿系统设计方案，为避难硐室温湿度控制系统建设提供设计理论和方法。

矿井避难硐室是保障矿工生命安全的最后一条防线，井下结构的破坏使其面临成为封闭无源空间的危险，目前尚缺乏安全、可靠的控温除湿手段。本项目提出利用围岩与相变装置蓄冷对矿井避难硐室进行控温除湿的方法，平时通过硐室通风对围岩与相变装置进行蓄冷，避灾期间围岩与相变装置以内部蓄热和表面析湿方式对硐室温湿度进行无源被动控制，但复杂自然对流条件下的围岩与相变装置蓄热及表面析湿特性及其对硐室热湿环境耦合动态调控机理尚不明确。.本项目采用现场测试方法，结合理论分析，明确了避难硐室内热湿环境形成过程，从传热学和热质交换理论出发，采用试验测试分析自然对流作用下相变装置内部熔化与表面析湿过程变化规律，提出了基于二维自然对流Boussinesq假设的二分计算模型，能够实现在确保精度前提下提高程序计算速度和程稳定性。利用验证后的模型研究硐室内围岩与相变装置耦合控温除湿机理，揭示了基于围岩-相变装置蓄冷的耦合控温除湿方法中各组成部分的内在耦合热质传递关系及规律。结果表明，由于热湿之间的互相影响，环境温湿度，相变板的尺寸、数量，相变材料的相变温度、导热系数以及蓄冷温度都会对室内温湿度控制产生不同程度的直接和反馈作用。最后，提出了基于围岩-相变装置蓄冷的耦合控温除湿系统控制方案。针对蓄冷相变板快速蓄热析湿特性与室内人员缓慢热湿释放速率不匹配的特点，在不增加额外相变材料的基础上，通过调节相变板的制冷时间，实现了蓄冷相变板蓄热析湿特性与室内人员热湿释放速率匹配，室内温度控制在25~27.5℃之间，相对湿度控制在87~97%之间。室内热指标在25~35℃之间，相较于优化前，舒适时间延长了55小时，实现了96小时的全覆盖。.本项目建立了具有理论和试验支撑的高湿环境自然对流条件下相变板的内部熔化与表面析湿数理模型，形成了基于围岩相变装置蓄冷的硐室耦合控温除湿系统控制方案，为相变材料在储能蓄热方面的实际应用提供了基础科学支撑。