利用MAX-DOAS技术反演昆明和上海对流层臭氧廓线和柱总量及其对比研究

Tropospheric ozone has a climatic effect and causes a series of significant environmental and ecological problems at significantly high concentrations. Retrieval of the tropospheric ozone profile and columns using MAX-DOAS are still few studies in China at present. In this study, retrival of tropospheric ozone profile and columns by the look-up table method, the Optimal Estimation Method(OEM) and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) on the MAX-DOAS technique.Then the inversion results compared with observations coming from the other detection equipment, such as ECC ozone sonde,Dobson spectrophotometer,Brewer spectrometer and satellite,to improve the inversion algorithm and parameter configuration. Taking Kunming as the representative of low industrialization urban areas and Shanghai as the representative of typical compound pollution urban area, the characteristics of tropospheric ozone variation in urban agglomerations of two different climatic regions were studied.This has important significance and scientific value for understanding the environmental process of urban agglomerations. It will hoped to look forward that this project will provide some new ideas for the MAX-DOAS inversion algorithm and provide a scientific basis about effective control measures for the differences ozone pollution in the eastern and western regions.

对流层臭氧具有气候效应，且浓度显著升高时将带来一系列重大的环境和生态问题。利用MAX-DOAS反演对流层臭氧廓线和柱总量，目前在国内的研究还较少。本研究利用MAX-DOAS采用查算表法、最优估算法、粒子群算法反演昆明和上海两地对流层臭氧廓线和柱总量，并结合ECC臭氧探空仪、Dobson分光光度计、Brewer光谱仪、卫星等对多种臭氧探测手段开展对比分析，进而改善MAX-DOAS的反演算法和参数配置。且将昆明和上海两地分别作为西部工业化相对偏低城区与东部典型复合型污染城区的代表，研究不同气候区城市群对流层臭氧变化特征，这对认识城市群环境过程具有重要现实意义和科学价值。可以期待本项目对MAX-DOAS反演算法提供一些新的思路，以及对东部与西部地区臭氧污染的差异及有效控制对策提供科学依据。

首次将Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)算法和Umkehr效应方法，应用于Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS)测量光谱的臭氧(O3)廓线反演中。PSO算法对20km高度以上臭氧廓线的反演效果较好，偏差集中在Upper troposphere and lower stratosphere(UTLS)区域，且对低纬高原昆明大气臭氧监测站(25.03°N，102.68°E，海拔1917m)和低海拔的上海观测站(31.12°N，121.06°E，海拔10m)平流层臭氧廓线的反演效果都较好，但对对流层臭氧廓线的反演存在一定的差异性。在上海由PSO算法和Umkehr效应方法反演的MAX-DOAS臭氧廓线与Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI)和Atmospheric Infrared Sounder(AIRS)卫星臭氧廓线的验证对比表现出较好的一致。采用Umkehr效应方法引入DOAS技术对昆明反演的MAX-DOAS臭氧廓线在近地层1km内与Electronic Chemistry Cell (ECC)探空测量的臭氧廓线最大相对偏差仅为-7.8%。在昆明以ECC臭氧探空廓线为基准，将PSO算法和Umkehr效应方法反演的MAX-DOAS臭氧廓线与OMI卫星及Dobson 和Brewer臭氧廓线进行的验证对比均呈现出较好的一致性，由此表明，将DOAS技术与PSO算法和Umkehr效应原理相结合，对不同海拔高度地区臭氧廓线的反演都具有适用性和准确性，可反演获得稳定可靠的MAX-DOAS臭氧廓线。本研究还同时利用几何算法、查算表法、模式简化法对昆明和上海MAX-DOAS观测光谱数据反演了臭氧总量和对流层大气成分柱浓度并进行了不同算法的对比研究。