蓝靛果忍冬产量与品质形成对海拔梯度响应及其机理

A comprehensive research is conducted on Lonicera caerulea from different elevation on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain and on the stands where it exists to arrive at the variation of yield and quality along altitudinal gradient and the influencing mechanisms. By determining and analyzing fruit yield, quality, physiological and biochemical and other environmental factors along altitudinal gradient, we study such aspects of Lonicera caerulea as photosynthetic physiological characteristics, stress hormone levels, osmotic adjustment substances, activity of antioxidant enzymes and the variation of other major chemical substances to explore the accumulation process of fruit yield and quality and the differences in quality at different altitude. Establishing a mathematical model, combined with multivariate statistical analysis, we find the quantitative relationship between fruit yield and quality of Lonicera caerulea and individual ecological factors, major chemical substances, and photosynthetic parameters, as well as the dominant elements and their effects on fruit yield and quality. The research also reveals the key ecological factors that affect fruit yield and quality of Lonicera caerulea, the key physiological and biochemical factors and photosynthetic parameters, and arrives at physiological and ecological mechanisms for the formation of fruit yield and quality along altitudinal gradient. The project will provide theoretical basis for provenance selection of excellent Lonicera caerulea which is rich in the physiologically active substance—anthocyanin, and will play an important role in the effective protection and scientific development of Lonicera caerulea resource on Changbai Mountain.

以长白山北坡不同海拔蓝靛果忍冬及其所在林分为研究对象，对产量和品质形成沿海拔梯度的变化规律及影响机制进行综合研究。通过对海拔梯度上蓝靛果忍冬产量、品质、生理生化及各环境因子的观测与分析，研究蓝靛果忍冬光合生理生态特性，胁迫激素含量、渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性及主要化学成分的变化规律，探讨不同海拔下蓝靛果忍冬果实品质与产量的积累过程以及海拔间品质的差异。结合多元统计分析，建立数学模型，得出海拔梯度上蓝靛果忍冬产量和品质与各个生理生态因子、光合参数等的定量关系，找出影响蓝靛果忍冬产量和品质的主导因素及影响程度。从叶片保护酶、渗透调节物质和光合特性等角度揭示海拔影响蓝靛果忍冬产量和品质形成的机理，研究影响蓝靛果忍冬产量和品质的关键因子及其影响大小。该项目将为高含量生理活性物质花色甙的蓝靛果忍冬优良种源选择和资源恢复提供理论基础，对长白山区蓝靛果忍冬资源的保护和合理开发利用具有重要科学意义。

蓝靛果忍冬果实含有丰富的生理活性物质，营养价值、药用价值和观赏价值都很高。本项目以长白山不同海拔蓝靛果忍冬为研究对象，研究了蓝靛果忍冬叶片光合生理生态特性，胁迫激素含量、渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性及主要化学成分随海拔梯度的变化规律，分析了不同海拔下蓝靛果忍冬果实品质与产量的海拔间差异，得出了海拔梯度上蓝靛果忍冬产量和品质与各个环境因子的定量关系，找出了影响蓝靛果忍冬产量和品质的主导因素。主要研究成果如下：(1)蓝靛果忍冬净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度随着海拔高度的增加呈现出先上升后下降的趋势，均在海拔1200m达到了最大值。(2)叶片中氮、钾、粗蛋白、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素含量随海拔的升高均呈现增加的趋势。(3)在中海拔地区，叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性均达到较高水平，而质膜透性、超氧阴离子、丙二醛含量较低。(4)海拔种群之间Nei基因多样性指数和Shannon信息指数平均值分别为0.4675和0.6602，总基因多样度为0.4620，基因分化系数为0.0065，说明总体上不同海拔种群间遗传多样性较高。(5)测定与分析了不同海拔下蓝靛果忍冬群落多样性、种群结构、树体生长、叶片的解剖构造，叶面积指数，得出了影响不同海拔蓝靛果忍冬产量与品质形成的植株形态特征、生态特征和生长发育规律。(6)果实花色甙、总糖、还原糖和粗脂肪含量随海拔的升高呈现出先升高而后降低的趋势，海拔1200m最高，其值依次为5.65mg/g、8.27g/100g、6.60g/100g和1.24g/100g。(7)不同海拔蓝靛果忍的果实产量、纵径、果形指数、横径和单果重量差异显著。果实产量随海拔的升高呈现出先增加而后下降的趋势，海拔1200m最高(215.30kg/hm2)，海拔1800m最低(7.24kg/hm2)。(8)建立了叶片主要化学物质含量、果实品质指标、形态指标和产量与主要环境因子关系的数学模型。(9)影响果实花色甙含量的主导环境因子为土壤pH、有效钾、容重和水解性氮；影响果实产量的主导环境因子有6-9月降水、有机质、容重、土壤pH和水解性氮。本成果可为蓝靛果忍冬优良种源选择、资源恢复提供科学依据。