疏勒河源区营养盐和悬移质迁移规律及冰冻圈变化影响研究

Climate warming caused the cryosphere changes rapidly, has led to significant changes in river confluence process, enhance the cryosphere system water - soil (rock). The glacier melted strong moraine and periphery of bedrock exposure degree increases, the ice river was developed, permafrost active layer thickness increases, thus affecting the load suspended river, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) of the release of a large number of migration, leading to the river nutrients, suspended sediment concentration change and flux, thereby affecting the ecological system of river basin and the river, but the degree of the influence, mechanism, the relationship is not clear at present. Glaciers and permafrost are widely distributed and development in the sources regions of Shule River, distribution area accounted for the watershed hydrological station at the Changmabao about 83% and 4.7%.This project intends to rely on different hydrological section in the sources of Shule River, , hydrological process monitoring based on the analysis of sampling and indoor test, The segmentation model is applied to runoff, statistical analysis and VIC model, the study of climate change - change - ring coupling between frozen hydrological processes, analysis of river runoff, suspended the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and the migration process and the flux of sediment and nutrients, reveal the cryospheric changes on the influence mechanism and its environment significance.

气候变暖导致冰冻圈快速变化，已导致寒区河流产汇流过程发生了显著变化，增强了冰冻圈系统内水-土（岩）作用。冰川强烈消融使冰碛物及外围基岩暴露度增大、冰下河道显著发育，多年冻土活动层厚度增加等，从而影响河流悬移质、营养盐（氮、磷等）的大量释放迁移，导致河流营养盐、悬移质浓度及输送通量的明显变化，进而影响流域及河流的生态系统，但其影响程度、机理、相互关系目前尚不清楚。疏勒河源区流域冰川及多年冻土广泛分布和发育，分布面积分别占昌马堡水文站以上流域的约83%和4.7%。本项目拟依托疏勒河源区不同水文断面，基于野外水文过程监测、取样及室内测试分析，应用径流分割模型、地统计分析和VIC模型等方法，研究气候变化-冰冻圈变化-水文过程之间的耦合作用，分析河流径流、悬移质和营养盐的时空变化特征及迁移过程和通量大小，揭示冰冻圈变化对其的影响机制和环境意义。

气候变暖导致冰冻圈快速变化，已导致寒区河流产汇流过程发生了显著变化，增强了冰冻圈系统内水-土（岩）作用。研究结果显示：疏勒河上游源区流域悬移质和河水中TN和TP的流失主要发生在消融期间。流域氮和磷的流失主要以悬移质的输移为主，通过悬移质流失的TN占流域总流失TN的72.6%，通过悬移质流失的TP占流域总流失TP的99%。5-9月苏里和尕河水文断面TN的输出通量分别为108.88 t和494.04 t，占4-12月TN输出总量的80.27%和88.31%；5-9月苏里和尕河水文断面TP输出通量分别为18.22 t 和71.80 t，占4-12月TP输出总量的78.05%和78.88%。.疏勒河上游流域输沙量呈增加趋势，疏勒河上游输沙量受径流、山区气温和降水影响显著；年输沙量趋势、突变和周期变化特征，与径流、降水的趋势、突变和周期变化具有较好的一致性，2000年以来呈丰水多沙趋势。揭示疏勒河径流营养盐迁移规律及通量，对干旱区河流水质及水库、农业灌溉的影响和评估提出科学依据。