京津冀地区养殖业氨排放及其减排途径与潜力研究

Frequent occurrence of dust-haze weather in Jing-Jin-Ji district is largely attributed to the ammonia(NH3) emissions from the regional animal husbandry. However, due to the lack of systematic research regarding the regional animal NH3 emissions, the serious issues, such as the incomplete index of NH3 emission factors for various animal operations, inconsistent method for NH3 inventory models and unclear mitigation practices and potentials, have strongly retarded the progress in source partitioning and prevention of PM2.5 in Jing-Jin-Ji district. This study will conduct a large survey regarding feeds and manure management as well as animal products across pig, beef, dairy and chicken operations to generalize the characteristics of nitrogen flows within the feeding operations. Such will be combined with on-site measured and simulated NH3 emission factors(EFs) and the relations with climatic information to realize the localization of Misselbrook’s inventory model at the structure and emission factor aspects. With the established inventory model for the Jing-Jin-Ji’s animal operations and the respective national statistics and survey, the regional animal NH3 inventory will be created. Moreover, effects of various combined mitigation practices on the regional animal NH3 emissions will be evaluated through scenario analysis to provide achievable mitigation potentials. This study will be very supportive in assessing the potential risk of NH3 on the local atmospheric PM2.5 and seeking the best management practices(BMPs) for animal operations in Jing-Jin-Ji district, and will also be important to fulfill the coordinated development of Jing-Jin-Ji and the ecological civilization construction in China.

京津冀地区养殖业的氨排放是导致该地区雾霾频发的重要原因，因研究不足而导致的养殖业氨排放因子指标严重缺乏、排放清单模型方法混乱、减排技术组合控制效果模糊等问题，严重延缓了京津冀地区雾霾源解析与治理的进程。本研究拟在大量测定京津冀地区主要养殖业（猪、肉牛、奶牛、鸡）不同环节氨源排放特征基础上，构建养殖业氨排放因子体系；据此实现国际通用的TAN氨排放清单模型参数的本地化，并结合气象条件对氨排放的影响建立适合京津冀养殖业的清单模型；结合京津冀区域养殖业统计资料和调研信息，构建区域养殖业氨排放清单；利用情景分析探讨不同氨减排技术组合的控制效果，明确该地区养殖业氨减排潜力。这将为准确评价京津冀地区养殖业对区域大气质量的影响（尤其PM2.5）、筛选最佳管理措施提供理论和技术支持，这对于推动我国京津冀协同发展具有重要的科学意义。

京津冀地区养殖业的氨排放是导致该地区雾霾频发的重要原因，因研究不足而导致的养殖业氨排放因子指标严重缺乏、排放清单模型方法混乱、减排技术组合控制效果模糊等问题，严重延缓了京津冀地区雾霾源解析与治理的进程。因此，本研究通过室内模拟和田间原位测定相结合，验证了绿矾、磷石膏等化学添加剂的氨减排潜力和合理用量，探索了酸性有机物料如醋糟、糠醛渣覆盖后降低氨排放的效果和覆盖厚度，模拟了降雨等过程对酸性物料的氨减排效果的影响；证实了不同pH生物炭对液态猪粪存储过程中氨和温室气体排放的影响，跟踪了存储过程中生物炭理化特性的变化，量化了生物炭吸附对猪粪氮素去向的影响。利用微气象学技术和开路激光仪测定了“全封闭饲舍”与“饲舍+运动场”两种方式下氨排放特征和排放因子的差异，揭示了前者是有效降低氨排放的管理方式，养殖场尺度氨减排率达到60%以上。通过对京津冀地区10个养殖大县、63个养殖场管理方式进行调研，更新了区域规模化养殖场粪污管理方式和管理设施数据库，同时通过meta分析更新了当前粪污处理设施下的氨排放因子体系，最终构建了养殖场氨排放核算系统（AGRIT）；首次通过将控氨的技术成本与基于PM2.5下降所带来的健康效益相结合，开展氨减排情景与费效比分析，初步探明了京津冀奶牛、肉牛、生猪、蛋鸡和肉鸡在不同规模下的氨减排路径和潜在环境效益，为京津冀地区养殖业绿色可持续发展奠定了理论基础，提供了新管理思路和视角。