光电混合相关探测的航空航天遥感高精度实时运动模糊图像复原理论

This research concentrates mainly on the restoration of motion blurred image resulted from various perturbances on airborne and aerospace remote sensing. Being different from current research idea, we propose a novel approach to restore blurred image in real time and high precision by optoelectronic hybrid processing based optoelectronic hybrid correlation detection. Our proposed image restoration process is described as following: Firstly, during an exposure period high-speed CCD camera captures the sequential images, which are sent to the joint transform correlator (JTC) to perform optical correlation operation, and correlation peaks are detected rapidly by CCD camera. Secondly, relative motion vector can be extracted through processing these correlation peaks. Thereafter, accurate point spread function (PSF) model can be constructed instantaneously by DSP. Thirdly, a simple,rubust and antinoise algorithm without complex iteration is determined to restore blurred image by using the accurate PSF model, it will alleviate greatly the complexity of image restoration algorithm, and high-resolution images are restored in real time. Our proposed approach not only has the advantages of high-speed, parallelism inherent and high capacity for optical processing, but also with the characteristics of flexibility, accuracy and programmability for digital processing. In summary, through research we will eventually establish a novel image restoration theory and its mathematic model for optoelectronic hybrid correlation detection, illustrate the essence of restoration, and perfect the image restoration approach and technology. The typical optical correlator accuracy of displacement vector detection errors is below 0.1 pixels. Expected results will lay a good foundation for airborne and aerospace remote sensing imaging. The development of the research are of great importance of realism and also valuable for the engineering application.

本项目拟针对航空航天遥感成像因各种扰动造成图像模糊的复原问题展开研究。与现有研究思路不同，提出基于光速处理的光电混合相关探测的高精度实时运动模糊图像复原新理论。该复原机理利用辅助高速CCD采集图像序列，并采用联合变换相关器对相继采集到的两幅时序图像以光速进行光学相关运算，探测出相邻图像序列之间的相对运动矢量，通过对该运动矢量的处理，建立运动图像精确的点扩散函数（PSF）模型；利用该PSF模型确立稳健、计算量小、抗噪强的复原算法，实现高分辨、实时运动成像。该方法既有光学图像处理高速度、大容量、并行处理等特点，又具有数字处理的灵活、精确、可编程的优点。该研究将建立光电混合相关探测的图像复原理论及其数学模型；阐明其复原机理；完善模糊图像复原理论及技术；实现运动位移矢量探测精度小于0.1个像元。预期成果将为航空航天遥感实时、高分辨动态成像打下坚实的理论基础，该研究具有重要现实意义和实际应用价值。

1、研究背景 .航空航天遥感技术是获取目标图像信息的主要手段之一。但由于遥感相机是搭载于高速运动的飞机或卫星上进行工作，总是受到载体振动、飞行速度、姿态变化、气流扰动、速高比变化、地球自转等动态因素影响，造成图像模糊，图像空间分辨率下降，影响目标图像的识别。同时，遥感相机获得的图像信息往往是海量的，在极短的时间内对这些海量信息快速实时处理，第一时间获取目标信息，是现代化高技术发展的必然要求，对实时性提出了很高的挑战。.2、主要研究内容 .1) 研究光电混合相关探测的高精度、实时运动模糊图像复原理论。.重点研究光电混合相关探测的高精度、实时图像复原机理，光电混合相关探测的图像复原仿真及数学建模，以及光学相关的实时高精度位移探测的图像复原描述形式。.2) 研究以实时性、高精度为目标的相关峰探测及功率谱处理方法。.主要研究目标图像序列的畸变对相关峰探测技术，复杂图像背景、亮度和噪声对相关器探测相关峰的影响，以及研究改进的滤波技术来处理联合功率谱，进而提高相关峰探测能力，从而提高图像运动矢量探测能力。.3) 研究图像运动矢量高精度探测机理，以及精确点扩散函数数学模型。.重点研究相关峰质心坐标提取技术，提高噪声对运动位移测量精度的方法，以及提取相关峰质心坐标的算法，和精确的图像PSF 建模方法。.4) 研究高精度、实时图像复原算法。主要包括稳健、计算量小、抗噪能力强的复原算法，以及其实时性和鲁棒性的测试及评价。.3、重要结果.1）该方法实现既有光学图像处理高速度、大容量、并行处理等特点，又具有数字处理的灵活、精确、可编程的优点。.2）完善模糊图像复原理论及技术。.4、关键数据 .1) 实现图像运动位移矢量探测精度达到0.1 个像元的目标。.2）满足高分辨实时图像复原要求。.5、科学意义.1）揭示光电混合相关的高精度、实时运动模糊图像复原机理。.2）成果将为航空航天遥感实时、高分辨动态成像打下坚实的理论基础，该研究具有重要现实意义和实际应用价值。