异步无线传感网络高效路由协议的研究

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the key technologies of the state's strategic emerging industry. WSNs with asynchronous sleep/wake scheduling mechanism have the advantage of low energy consumption in the scenario of low network traffics. However, due to the asynchronous sleep/wake schedules of the sensor nodes it brings great challenge for a routing protocol in the collection and dissemination of the network state, and the design of the forwarding strategy. This project mainly concentrates on how to solve the key issues of efficient opportunistic routing and broadcast in asynchronous WSNs. In efficient opportunistic routing, firstly, we propose a series of schemes with low cost to estimate the global transmission cost from a node to the sink node and construct a virtual coordinate system to guide the forwarding direction of a data packet. Then, we propose a series of efficient relay selection schemes to balance the global transmission cost and the waiting cost in the local context. Finally, we propose a series of algorithms to select a proper candidate set for each node to make the opportunistic routing more energy efficiency. In efficient broadcast, firstly, we propose three broadcast strategies which all based on the global optimal broadcast tree: opportunity cooperation broadcast based on the global optimal transmission cost tree, take both transmission cost and waiting cost into account to set the optimal broadcast tree and end-to-end delay constrained broadcast, Then, we propose the adaptive broadcast strategies and the opportunistic broadcast strategies which guided by the global cost, which are based on the static characteristics of the networks. Finally, we propose the reliable broadcast strategies in asynchronous WSNs which based on network coding, cross layer opportunistic cooperation and receiver initiated handshake schemes.

无线传感网络是国家战略性新兴产业的关键核心技术之一。采用异步睡眠调度的无线传感网络在低流量等场景下具有低能耗等优势，但节点异步睡眠给路由协议所需的网络状态收集与传播、转发策略的设计带来很大挑战。本项目主要研究异步无线传感网络高效机会路由、全网广播亟待解决的关键问题。在高效机会路由问题上，首先设计系列低开销方法对节点到基站的全局传输代价进行估计，建立虚拟坐标系统指引数据包的转发方向。然后通过高效的单跳决策方案对全局的传输代价与单跳的局部等待代价进行平衡。最后设计系列算法优化候选节点集合进一步提高路由性能。在高效全网广播问题上，首先提出基于全局传输代价最优树的机会合作广播策略、综合考虑传输代价和等待代价的最优广播树策略、端到端时延受限的广播策略。然后提出依据网络静态特征的自适应广播策略、基于全局代价引导下的机会广播策略。最后提出基于网络编码、跨层机会合作与接收端启动的握手机制的可靠广播策略。

无线传感网络是国家战略性新兴产业的关键核心技术之一。采用异步睡眠调度的无线传感网络在低流量等场景下具有低能耗等优势，但节点异步醒来给路由协议所需的网络状态收集与传播、转发策略的设计带来很大挑战。本项目紧扣异步无线传感网络机会路由与全网广播的关键性能指标（如时延、能耗、传输成功率），针对影响网络性能的局部与全局优化问题展开深入研究。（1）在高效机会路由协议的研究中，提出更加准确且易于维护的虚拟坐标系统，在局部重点考虑网络动态性对候选节点优先级的影响，进一步优化候选节点集合。代表性的成果有: ①考虑等待代价的最优候选节点集合的构建算法；②基于切换转发策略的能量最优候选序列选择算法；③地理路由中单跳时延与转发路径跳数的平衡算法。（2）在高效全网广播问题上，对于全局优化问题，重点研究代价最优广播树的构建；对于局部优化问题，重点研究如何设计更为高效的节点间协作机制来应对广播过程的动态性。代表性成果有：①时延受限的基于广播树的高效广播协议；②基于覆盖效率的高效广播协议；③基于动态指派的高效广播协议；④基于网络编码的高效多跳广播协议；⑤基于网络编码与调度生成树的广播协议。