箱形结构内部爆炸等效缩比损伤评估方法研究

The present project is proposed to study the equivalent scaling method of box-shaped structures subjected to internal blast loadings, which mainly consists of three aspects: . (1) Spatial distribution model of internal blast load. Firstly, the characteristics of wall reflection and corner convergence of internal blast load would be studied. Then, based on the definition and model of geographical contour line, the spatial distribution model of internal blast load would be established.. (2) New scaling law for box-shaped structures under internal blast loading. Firstly, the “imperfect similarity” of the traditional scaling law on box-shaped structure under internal blast load would be discussed which consists of two aspects of blast load similarity and structural response similarity. Then, based on the theories of impact dynamics and dimensional analysis, and considering the influence of structural dimension and strain rate, the new scaling method for box-shaped structures under internal blast loading would be proposed.. (3) New equivalent scaling method for damage evaluation of box-shaped structures subjected to internal blast load. The new method broke through the limitation of existing scaled-down test with simple geometrical similarity. and considered the characteristics of internal blast load and structural feature. A specific way to predict the damage features would be founded by modifying the explosive load and structural size. Meanwhile, numerical simulations and model experiments would be conducted to validate and amend this method. . The achievements and results of this project can be helpful in damage evaluation and anti-blast design for carriages, bridges and ship structures against possible internal explosion loads.

本项目着眼于箱形结构在内部爆炸作用下的等效缩比损伤评估方法研究，主要包括三个方面：一是结构内部爆炸载荷模型，借鉴地理上等高线模型与定义，对结构内爆载荷的壁面反射与角隅汇聚等特性进行研究，建立内爆载荷空间分布模型；二是内部爆炸作用下结构响应的缩比相似规律，首先分析经典的爆炸相似律是否适用及影响其相似的因素，然后综合考虑内爆载荷特性、结构尺度效应和材料的应变率效应，根据板的冲击动力学理论与量纲分析方法探索新的缩比相似规律；三是箱形结构内爆等效缩比损伤评估方法，突破现有以简单几何相似进行结构内爆缩比试验的局限，考虑内爆载荷和结构形式的特点，建立一套内部爆炸作用下箱形结构的等效缩比损伤评估方法并利用数值模拟和模型实验对所提出的方法进行验证与修正。项目研究成果可以为列（货）车车厢、钢箱梁桥及船舶舱室等结构内部爆炸损伤评估及防爆设计提供支撑与依据。

国防领域的地下工程及舰船、潜艇舱室结构等都为箱形结构。这些结构一旦遭受爆炸事故、恐怖爆炸袭击或武器打击不但会造成极大的人员伤亡与国民经济损失，而且容易引发民众恐慌。因此如何增强结构的抗内部爆炸的能力以及减小爆炸导致的人员伤亡及经济损失问题事关国民经济命脉以及国防装备安危。.本项目着眼于箱形结构在内部爆炸作用下的等效缩比损伤评估方法研究，主要研究了三个方面：一是内部爆炸作用下复杂加筋箱形结构和等效简化方法，系统研究了加筋板和普通平板在内部爆炸作用下的变形规律和动力响应特性，建立了一套工程实用的加筋板的等效设计与试验方法；二是内部爆炸作用下结构响应的缩比相似规律，首先分析经典的爆炸相似律是否适用及影响其相似的因素，然后综合考虑内爆载荷特性、结构尺度效应和材料的应变率效应，根据板的冲击动力学理论与量纲分析方法探索新的缩比相似规律；三是箱形结构内爆等效缩比损伤评估方法，突破现有以简单几何相似进行结构内爆缩比试验的局限，考虑内爆载荷和结构形式的特点，建立一套内部爆炸作用下箱形结构的等效缩比损伤评估方法并利用数值模拟和模型实验对所提出的方法进行验证与修正。项目研究成果可以为列（货）车车厢、钢箱梁桥及船舶舱室等结构内部爆炸损伤评估及防爆设计提供支撑与依据。