Gemini胶团强化超滤法处理工业废水中的重金属污染物的研究

Heavy metal pollution has not only exacerbated China's water shortage problem, but also seriously threatened human health. The traditional methods for heavy metal wastewater treatment have several disadvantages, such as high energy consumption, complex process and so on. Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration is considered as an excellent method for its good application prospect. However, in the process of treating heavy metal wastewater, routine micellar enhanced ultrafiltration method has defects in the following two aspects: large consumption of surfactant and poor stability of micellar. In order to overcome above defects, we will use an modified micellar enhanced ultrafiltration-Gemini Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration to treat the heavy metal wastewater. Because of the nature of lower critical micelle concentration of Gemini surfactants, the consumption of surfactant will be sharply decreased. By introducing diacetylene group in the hydrophobic chain, polymerized micellar can be prepared and its stability will be enhanced. In addition, the metal complexation sites containing nitrogen will be introducted in the hydrophilic head. The ability of adsorption of heavy metal ions will be promoted. As a result, the processing capacity for heavy metal ions will be improved. We will optimize the operating parameters of Gemini micellar enhanced ultrafiltration process by systematic simulation experiments. The results obtained in this project will provide powerful theoretical and experimental basis for the application of Gemini surfactants in field of heavy metal wastewater treatment. This is of great significance for China's environmental protection.

水体重金属污染不仅加剧了我国水资源匮乏的问题，而且严重威胁人体健康。传统处理重金属废水的方法存在能耗大及工艺复杂等弊端，胶团强化超滤法被认为是一种极具应用前景的处理方法。然而，常规胶团强化超滤法存在表面活性剂用量大及胶团稳定性差两个方面的缺陷。本课题拟采用一种改良的胶团强化超滤法-Gemini胶团强化超滤法，处理重金属废水，用以克服上述缺陷。由于Gemini表面活性剂具有低临界胶束浓度的特性，故可大大降低表面活性剂的用量；拟在Gemini表面活性剂疏水链上引入联乙炔基团，用以制备聚合胶团，提高其稳定性；此外，在亲水端引入含氮金属络合位点，以增强胶团对重金属离子的吸附作用，提高其处理能力；通过系统的模拟实验，优化Gemini胶团强化超滤过程的操作参数。本项目的研究结果将为Gemini表面活性剂在处理重金属废水领域的应用提供坚实的理论和实验依据,这对于我国环境保护具有重要意义。

水体重金属污染不仅加剧了我国水资源匮乏的问题，而且严重威胁人体健康。传统处理重金属废水的方法存在能耗大及工艺复杂等弊端，胶团强化超滤法被认为是一种极具应用前景的处理方法。然而，常规胶团强化超滤法存在表面活性剂用量大及易造成二次污染两个方面的缺陷。本课题采用一种改良的胶团强化超滤法-Gemini胶团强化超滤法，处理重金属废水，克服了上述缺陷。首先我们合成了一种新型的Gemini表面活性剂，并利用核磁共振波谱、红外光谱及元素分析等手段，对所制备的Gemini 表面活性剂的纯度进行表征；结果表明所制备的Gemini表面活性剂具有很高的纯度。接下来我们采用电导率法分别测定所制备的Gemini 表面活性剂在纯水及模拟重金属废水水质环境下的临界胶束浓度；通过测定Gemini胶团的Zeta电位值来表征其稳定性。结果表明所制备的Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度与传统表面活性剂相比低约60倍，且胶团具有很好的稳定性。最后我们把所制备的Gemini表面活性剂应用于Gemini胶团强化超滤法处理含重金属废水。研究结果表明, Gemini胶团强化超滤法不仅适用于处理含单一重金属废水，同时对于含有多种重金属离子的废水的处理效果也很好，其重金属截留率达到90%以上，渗透液中重金属的含量远低于国家排放标准，可以直接排放。与传统的胶团强化超滤法相比，Gemini胶团强化超滤法的表面活性剂用量可降低约60倍，表面活性剂的排出量可降低200~300倍。这在很大程度上克服了传统教团强化超滤法处理含重金属废水时表面活性剂用量大及易造成二次污染的问题。通过系统的模拟实验，优化Gemini胶团强化超滤过程的操作参数,为其实际应用提供了可靠的实验数据。本课题所采用的Gemini胶团强化超滤法处理重金属废水的研究目前还未见报道，本项目的研究结果中可以转化为工业应用部分已经申请了两份专利，专利已受理。本项目的研究成果为水体重金属污染物的处理提供了一种新思路。