分时段泊位定价策略下港口群资源分配与港口资源调度及班轮调度的相互作用建模与分析

Currently, port congestion often occurs in many ports. It is very necessary to solve the problem of supply and demand between port and shipping, which has become an important research issue. It is helpful to relieve port congestion by coordinating port resource scheduling with liner ship scheduling. By analyzing the decision-making processes of port operators and liner shipping companies, this project aims to investigate the interactions between port resource scheduling and liner ship scheduling. By empirically studying ship arrival time distribution, some effective strategies are discussed in order to control the distribution of ship arrival times. For port group, the port resource allocation problem is investigated, and the port calling choice among different ports within port group is discussed. Based on the first-come-first-served principle for berth allocation and time-dependent berth pricing strategies, liner ship scheduling problems under different scenarios are studied. By using multi-objective programming, the coordination between port resource scheduling and liner ship scheduling is investigated. A two-stage optimization model is presented to analyze time-dependent berth pricing strategies. The research of this project is helpful to promote the theories on coordinated scheduling for port and shipping, and port congestion pricing. It also provides a good theoretical basis on decision-making for Chinese government, liner shipping companies and port operators on resource planning and operation management.

当前，很多港口经常发生拥堵现象，亟需解决港口与航运之间的供需问题，已经成为一个重要的研究课题。协调港口资源调度与班轮调度有利于缓解港口拥堵，本项目拟通过分析港口运营者与班轮公司在调度过程中的决策关系，深入研究港口资源调度与班轮调度的相互作用和影响。实证研究班轮到港时间分布规律，并分析有效控制班轮到港时间分布的方法；以港口群为对象，研究港口群资源分配问题，并探讨班轮航线对港口群内各港口的挂靠选择情况；基于先到先服务的泊位分配原则及分时段泊位定价策略，探讨不同情景下的班轮调度优化问题；根据多目标规划方法，研究港口资源调度与班轮调度的协同优化问题；为分析分时段泊位定价策略，建立两阶段优化模型。本项目的研究有助于推动港航协同调度、港口拥堵收费等方面的理论的发展，也为我国政府、班轮公司、港口运营者在资源规划与运营管理方面提供一定的决策支持。

港航资源配置与分配及调度是港航运输规划与管理领域中最重要的关键理论之一，主要围绕港口运营者和班轮公司两大利益主体。本项目以港口的分时段泊位定价策略对港航资源配置与分配及调度的影响为研究切入点，项目组的研究成果侧重研究枢纽港选址、船舶调度、港口资源分配与调度等问题。从区域内、区域间等不同维度，将班轮运输网络空间结构特性、运河效应引入到枢纽港选址问题中进行研究；提出了分时段泊位定价策略下的船舶调度与航速优化问题；进一步提出了船舶排放许可的分配与再分配和船舶调度的集成优化问题；提出三阶段优化方法的理论框架，来研究港航合作下的泊位资源配置与分配问题；也研究了港航合作下的泊位资源分配与调度问题。项目执行过程中，在《Transportation Research Part B》、《Transportation Research Part D》、《Transportation Research Part E》、《Omega》、《Computers & Operations Research》、《Computers & Industrial Engineering》、《International Journal of Production Research》、《Maritime Policy & Management》、《Ocean Engineering》等期刊上发表标注论文28篇，其中SCI/SSCI源期刊论文17篇。同时，将研究成果应用于广东粤电集团海上燃煤运输船舶调度决策支持。本项目已取得的研究成果将有助于推动港航资源配置与分配及调度理论的发展，也为提高我国港航运输规划与管理水平奠定良好的理论基础。