低阶烟煤活性显微组分分离技术及其配煤炼焦规律

Scale of coke production in China is very huge, but the coking coal resources are limited. This project aims at studying the separation mechanism of low rank bituminous coals’ activity macerals and its utilization in coal blending for coking and establishing its mathematical model of coal blending, which has scientific value and theoretical significance for using low rank bituminous coals in coking. By means of studying maceral’s bonding characteristic and its separation mechanism of low rank bituminous coals based on their performance difference, effective separation method of low rank bituminous coals’ macerals will be formed. Heating-stage microscope is used to research the rheological property of low rank bituminous coals, at the same time activity macerals’ fluorescence properties, generation mechanism and analytical its molecular structure will be studied and indicated. Based on the above research, tests of coal blending with low rank bituminous coals will be carried out, finally low rank bituminous coals’ coking mechanism and blending mathematical model should be proposed. The objective of this project are revealing the activity maceral’s molecular structure, technological property and its separation mechanism from low rank bituminous coals, clarifying low rank bituminous coals’ coal blending coking mechanism and establishing mathematical model. The main innovation of this project lies in forming scientific blending theoretical basis of low rank bituminous coals’ activity maceral, resolving low rank bituminous coals’ coal blending coking mechanism and establishing coal petrography model for coal blending with low rank bituminous coals’ activity maceral and coking coal.

中国焦炭产量巨大，但炼焦煤资源有限，本项目针对低阶烟煤活性显微组分分离机理及其配煤炼焦规律进行研究，建立低阶烟煤配煤炼焦数学模型，对低阶烟煤参与配煤炼焦具有科学价值和理论意义。首先基于各显微组分的性能差异对低阶烟煤显微组分结合特征及解离机理进行研究，形成低阶烟煤显微组分有效分离方法理论基础；然后对低阶烟煤显微组分的熔融特性进行热台显微镜研究，同时考察活性组分的荧光性能及其产生机理并解析活性组分分子结构；在此基础上，进行低阶烟煤配煤炼焦研究，提出低阶烟煤配煤炼焦机理及数学模型。项目主要目标是认识低阶烟煤活性组分分子结构及其工艺性质，形成低阶烟煤活性组分分离技术基础，阐明低阶烟煤配煤炼焦机理并建立数学模型。本课题的主要创新之处在于形成低阶烟煤活性组分科学调配技术理论基础；解析低阶烟煤配煤成焦机理并建立低阶烟煤活性组分与常规炼焦煤配煤炼焦的煤岩配煤模型。

我国低阶烟煤资源丰富且煤质优良，若将其作为配煤炼焦原料，将缓解炼焦煤资源短缺现状并在一定程度上提升高硫、高灰炼焦煤配入比例。本项目选用陕西、新疆等地所产代表性低阶烟煤为研究所用，从样品显微组分结合特征及解离机理入手，研究低阶烟煤活性显微组分分离技术，从而为活性显微组分作为配煤炼焦原料提供基础；通过低阶烟煤活性显微组分熔融特性、荧光特性与黏结-成焦性能的关系及显微组分化学反应活性对焦炭性质影响的研究，考察低阶烟煤活性显微组分与常规炼焦煤的配伍性和焦化作用；基于低阶烟煤活性显微组分分离技术及其参与配煤炼焦规律研究结果，探讨其与常规炼焦煤配煤成焦机理及配煤炼焦模型。研究结果表明：低阶烟煤镜质组与惰质组之间呈现出条带状、嵌布式、清晰界面结合及细粒分散结合等不同的结合特征，显微组分实验室分离与富集适宜采用手选与浮沉相结合的方法、工业上显微组分分离与富集可考虑电选法、磁选法等方式；低阶烟煤活性显微组分与常规炼焦煤配合后的流变性能表现出差异化的交互作用，20℃/min较10℃/min升温速率下活性组分的流动现象更明显；随着加热终温的升高，低阶烟煤显微组分化学反应活性呈现出升高的趋势，且化学反应活性与其所炼制焦炭的热态性能具有很好的关联性；低阶烟煤活性显微组分荧光强度与黏结指数、基氏流动度、胶质层最大厚度等表征黏结特性的指标之间存在线性关系，与奥亚总膨胀度之间并无明显的相关关系；随着配合煤镜质组平均最大反射率、活惰比及荧光强度的增大，低阶烟煤活性组分与常规炼焦煤配合炼焦所得焦炭反应性均呈现出先降低后升高的趋势；随着炼焦过程升温速率的增加，低阶烟煤活性显微组分与常规炼焦煤配合炼焦所得焦炭反应性降低。