基于二硫富瓦烯类桥基的醌式染料的制备及染料敏化太阳电池研究

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have been extensively investigated as one of new generation solar cells due to their potentional low-cost and relatively high light to electricity conversion efficiencies. In DSCs, the sensitizer anchored to surface of a mesoporous oxide layer (TiO2), absorbs the solar radiation and transfers a photo-excited electron to the TiO2 conduction, followed by a hole transfer to a redox shuttle (usually, I-/I3-). Thus, the sensitizer is one of the key components in DSCs, exerting a significant influence on the device power conversion and stability. In this application, dithiafulvenyl unit-based quinoidal dyes will be designed and synthesized, where different triarylamines are used as electron donors, benzoic acid are used as electron acceptor/anchoring group, and dithiafulvenyl derivatives are used as conjugation bridges. The planar-structured bridges would improve intramolecular charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor, and the resulting dyes would have extensive spectral response in the visible to infrared regions, leading to high photocurrent density and thus high light to electricity conversion efficiency.

染料敏化太阳电池具有价格低廉、环境友好的潜在优势, 被认为是一个解决太阳能光伏发电技术的诱人方案。在染料敏化太阳电池中，染料吸收太阳光中不同能量的光子并转化为电子，通过二氧化钛和电解质的协同作用实现电荷有效分离和整个过程的长期往复循环。染料的性能不仅关系到电池的短路电流和光电转化效率，同时制约电池的使用寿命，因而是敏化太阳电池核心组成。本项目的目标是设计合成一系列基于醌式结构的新型D-π-A有机染料分子；利用这类染料分子作为染料敏化太阳能电池光敏化剂，拓宽宽带二氧化钛半导体在可见光和近红外区光谱吸收，提高电池的光电转化效率和器件的稳定性。基于上述目标，设计了以二硫富瓦烯为π共轭桥基，以不同种类三芳胺为电子给体，以苯甲酸为电子受体/螯合基团的D-π-A有机染料。这种平面结构的共轭桥基可能促进电荷从给体到受体的转移，拓宽染料在可见和近红外区的光谱吸收，增加器件的光电流密度和光电转化效率。

太阳能作为一种可持续利用的再生资源，具有易得、环保的特点。开发技术简单、成本低廉、效率高的光伏发电技术是未来利用可再生能源发展的重要方向。当前，制备高效、廉价的光伏器件的关键是开发高性能的新材料。围绕以上目标，1.制备了醌式小分子并敏化在纳米多孔氧化镍薄膜上制备P型染料敏化太阳电池；2.制备了三大类新型醌式小分子并用于有机小分子异质结太阳能电池；3.探索有机无机复合钙钛矿太阳电池中钙钛矿薄膜制备新方法及非铅钙钛矿的太阳能电池研究。4. 探索了CdS量子点的原位大规模制备方法及新型无机硫化物Cu3SbS4和CuSbS2在太阳能电池中的应用前景。