顾及形态特征的水系自适应综合方法研究

Self-adaptive map generalization with consideration of patterns is a map generalization method that adjusts the generalization strategy automatically according to different pattern characteristics of spatial objectives. It is an important issue in structural map generalization, and also a significant exemplification of geographical feature oriented map generalization. A drainage pattern can reflect the geographical characteristics of a river network to a certain extent, because it depends on the topography and geology of the land. The importance of drainage pattern is confirmed by many researchers, but it is still in the early stage to apply drainage patterns directly into the map generalization process. The project focuses on rivers including ditches made by human in drainage system. Usually, rivers are represented as line features in GIS, and always connect together to form networks, achieving a particular drainage pattern. The project starts from the spatial distribution and structural relationship in river networks, and then automatically recognizes the drainage patterns. According different drainage patterns, river networks are treated differently. The characteristics of drainage pattern will be considered into the river network generalization process such as tributary selection and especially selected tributaries simplification, and the purpose of this project is going to preserve a river network with a reasonable drainage pattern after generalization. This project takes river network generalization issue with consideration of drainage patterns for the first time. It tries to resolve map generalization from geography aspect, which is an extension and complement of map generalization theory.

顾及形态特征的自适应地图综合，是考虑空间对象集合/群组的不同形态特征，自动调整地图综合的策略与方法，是结构化综合的重要内容，也是面向地理特征综合的重要体现。水系形态特征在一定程度上反应了所在流域的地质构造和地貌类型等地理特征，其重要性被众多学者所肯定，但是将其直接运用到水系自动综合中的研究还处于起步阶段。本课题以表达为线状要素的河流（包括渠道等人工水体）所组成的河流网络为研究对象，研究河网的空间分布和结构关系，对水系形态进行自动识别，并针对不同形态的水系进行“分而治之”的自适应综合，有针对有区别的将形态特征应用到河流选取以及河流简化当中，从而保证综合后水系的形态特征的合理性。本课题的研究将“形态特征”引入水系综合体系，尝试从地学角度考虑地图综合问题，是对地图综合理论的扩展与补充。

本课题将“形态特征”引入水系综合体系，提出基于形态特征的水系空间关系描述机制，是对空间关系表达的应用，又将空间关系表达提高到空间形态表达层面；水系的空间形态特征反应了一定的地质构造和地貌形态等地理特征，提出顾及形态保持的水系自适应综合，从地学角度考虑地图综合问题，既是对水系综合理论的扩展与补充，又是生产高质量水系数据的保证。本研究以表达为线状要素的河流（包括渠道等人工水体）所组成的河流网络为研究对象，提出模糊逻辑的方法研究有效识别枝状、平行状、格子状、矩形状和网状水系，并根据形态进行了流域自动划分；在此基础上，选取水系形态隶属度、河流编码、河流程度、支流平衡度和河流间距指标构建河流选取模型，通过遗传算法实现河流选取；最后，提出有效的顾及水系形态特征的评价模型，实现水系形态的模糊逻辑隶属度的评估。另外，本项目后期还尝试将形态特征扩展到地貌综合和轨迹综合中，并进行了一定的前期研究，为后期的顾及地理特征的地图自动综合研究做积累。.本课题执行期间发表期刊论文4篇，其中SCI1篇、SSCI1篇；发表国际会议论文2篇；培养博士研究生1人，硕士研究生2人，均已毕业。本项目的研究成果对地图自动制图过程中生产高质量的水系数据提供理论、方法与技术支撑。