青海高寒沙区工程和植物集成技术治沙生态效益评析

Sandy desertiification is one of the most serious eco-environmental problems in the Qinghai Plateau. In these years, the comprehensive use of engineering and vegetative measures has been adopted in sand control technology, which has improved the local sand environment. However, the promotion and application of the successful integrated sand control technology was not enough and could not play a supporting role in technology. Through this research, we plan to screen the optimized technology system according to the ecological benefit and apply to practice by exploring local engineering and vegetative sand control technology. The research contents include: 1. We will investigate all kinds of comprehensive sand control technology, which include engineering measures about sand-barrier in different specifications and materials and vegetative measures about sealing sand, forestation and grass breeding、direct seeding afforestation、reforestation by cutting、seeding planting etc. 2. We will observe the ecological benefit of sand control technology, which include sand fixation、soil improvement、investment cost、sand stabilization materials、growth preservation suitability etc. We should also analyze the data observed in field. 3. We will establish the expert evaluation system and select the main impact factors together with its weight to restablish evaluation system and evaluate comprehensively based on the ecological benefit. 4. We will select the optimized technology model and apply to sand control technology . Only in this way, can we achieve quick in producing benefit with less investment.

土地沙漠化是青海高原最严重的生态环境问题之一。这些年采取了工程和植物综合防沙治 沙工程，使局部沙区环境得到改善，但是研究试验成功的集成治沙技术在防沙治沙工程中推广 应用不够，未起到科技支撑作用。通过本项研究，摸清本区防沙治沙的工程和植物技术措施， 对其进行生态效益的观测，筛选出优化技术体系，推广应用到实践中。研究内容：1、调查青 海高原采取的各类综合防沙治沙技术措施，包括不同规格、不同材料的沙障等工程措施，以及 封沙育林育草、直播造林、插条造林、实生苗造林等植物措施。2、防沙治沙技术措施的生态 效益野外观测及风洞实验，包括防风固沙、改良土壤、投资成本、固沙材料、生长保存适宜性 等，取得野外和室内分析观测数据。3、建立专家评价体系，依据发挥的生态效益，选取主要 影响因子及权重建立评价体系，综合评价。4、筛选防沙治沙优化技术模式，推广应用到青海 高寒区的防沙治沙工程中，做到投资少见效快。

研究了青海高寒沙区主要的工程治沙和生物治沙技术措施。选取青海湖沙区和共和盆地沙区作为研究区，对设置的不同类型麦草方格沙障、粘土沙障等进行蚀积测量，气流场和输沙量测定，从风沙流结构来对比各种沙障类型的风沙防护效益以及探讨多种参数指标间数学关系，并结合经济成本择优选取规格与障高的搭配方式。主要沙障模式综合效益分析从沙障的防风固沙效益，蚀积效益，植被恢复效益，小气候效益和经济效益指标综合分析不同规格麦草沙障、粘土沙障以及乌柳活沙障、柽柳活沙障等多种沙障模式的综合防护效果，根据一定的综合评估方法筛选能达到既定防沙治沙目标，同时节约成本，便于实施的治理模式。观测研究各类防治技术措施的生态效益通过野外观测各类防治技术措施的防风固沙的地表粗糙度、风速廓线、地表风蚀、集沙等情况，改良土壤的水分、粒度、有机质、养分等情况，固沙植物生长的成活率、保存率、生长势、植物适宜稳定性及其防风固沙等数据。. 抗寒抗旱抗逆性固沙植物种的筛选与乔灌草配置根据对已有固沙植物生长情况的调查，从成活率、保存率、生长势、植物适宜稳定性及其防风固沙等数据，对比筛选出适宜青海不同沙区的固沙植物种，并针对防护不同高度风沙、吸收土壤不同深度水分、提出乔灌草相结合、快速治理和长期固沙相结合的固沙植物配置模式。. 根据青海高原沙区不同气候条件、不同流动沙丘的地貌情况、筛选出几种适宜本区的工程和生物防沙治沙集成优化模式，能做到投资少见效快，为青海高寒区的防沙治沙和生态保护和建设工程起到科技支撑作用。