黑洞吸积系统的X射线时变研究

X-ray radiation of black hole accretion systems, which originates from the innermost region of an accretion flow in the vicinity of massive black holes, carries imprints of the accretion processes and the physical environment around the black holes. As one of the basic observational characteristics of black hole accretion systems, rapid X-ray variability is a useful tool to study black holes. Early researches have suggested many tight correlations between the parameters of X-ray variability and the mass of central black hole of AGN, which means that the X-ray variability can be an effective estimator for black hole mass of AGN. However, the X-ray radiation of radio-loud AGN may be dominated by the relativistic jets. Thus the properties of X-ray variability should be different from those from radio-quiet sources. Meanwhile, physical mechanism under the state transition of the black hole X-ray binary remains unclear. In this project, we will use large data from X-ray space telescopes such as XMM-newton to constrain the black hole mass of AGN, and a low-mass AGN sample will be produced. Based on the long-term monitoring data from MXAI, together with the short-term observations with XMM-Newton, the power spectrum density of AGN in a wide frequency range will be constrained. Besides, the X-ray variability properties of radio-loud AGN will be characterized. With the help of data about the entire duration of state transition of the black hole X-ray binary in outburst observed with HXMT, physical models about the transitions of the accretion states will be tested, and X-ray soft lag will be studied.

黑洞吸积系统的X射线辐射产生于非常靠近黑洞的区域，携带着黑洞周围吸积过程以及物理状态的信息。X射线的快速光变作为黑洞吸积系统的重要观测特征之一，对于揭示中心黑洞的相关性质有着重要的作用。本项目将利用HXMT对处于爆发态的黑洞X射线双星一个完整周期的针对光谱态转变的观测，对吸积态物理转变模型进行检验和改正；并利用其观测数据研究黑洞X射线双星的软X射线时延，探测吸积盘的结构。本项目还将利用X射线空间望远镜公开的海量数据，通过时变方法对活动星系核的中心黑洞质量进行限制，尤其是黑洞质量估计有争议的源如有γ射线探测的窄线赛弗特1型活动星系核，并筛选出低质量黑洞活动星系核样本；结合MAXI的监测数据，在宽频率范围定出完整的活动星系核功率谱模型；对射电躁活动星系核的时变性质进行系统的分析研究。

利用慧眼-HXMT的观测，并结合其他望远镜的数据，我们对Swift J1658.2-4242爆发过程频繁的快速上升和下降现象进行了研究。我们使用XMM-Newton漂移巡天观测数据证认出一批变源，并对这些源的时变进行了统计分析；从中筛选出一个黑洞潮汐瓦解恒星事件并进行了多波段研究。我们对活动星系核的宽波段能谱进行了研究，包括使用一般化温度分布的吸积盘模型去解释射电宁静1型活动星系核的光学紫外到X射线的宽波段能谱，和基于磁重联加热的盘冕模型研究高光度活动星系核宽波段辐射的物理起源。另外，基于XMM-Newton中选出的超新星激波暴候选源样本，我们得到了其光度函数以及事件率密度。