基于超构材料的扩展互作用速调管的研究

Metamaterial-inspired extended interaction klystron (EIK) has very important applications in both military and civil fields. In order to realize the miniaturization and to improve the output power, gain and electron efficiency of the proposed device, we use the exotic transition radiation mechanism in metamaterial to creatively propose a sub-wavelength, all-metal, symmetrical metamaterial, which is very suitable for the metamaterial-inspired EIK. The fundamental material properties, such as resonant properties, electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial, are extensively studied. Furthermore, we use the classical electromagnetic theory to derive the fields and energy expressions of the transition radiation on the interface between vacuum and metamaterial, and then propose the coherent radiation conditions for the exotic transition radiation. We construct a novel high frequency structure based on the proposed metamaterial and investigate its high frequency characteristics. We set up the three-dimensional physical model of the electron beam to study the nonlinear effect of beam-wave interaction. Therefore, the new approach is proposed to improve the output power, gain and electron efficiency of the proposed device. This project can establish solid foundations in both theory and technology for developing the brand-new miniaturized, high power, high gain, and high efficiency microwave amplifiers.

基于超构材料的扩展互作用速调管在军用和民用方面都具有极其重要的应用前景。为了实现器件的小型化同时提高其输出功率、增益和电子效率，本项目基于超构材料中的渡越辐射机理，创造性地提出一种适合扩展互作用速调管的亚波长、全金属、具有对称特性的超构材料，研究超构材料的谐振特性和电磁参数等基本材料特性；通过理论推导在真空和超构材料分界面产生渡越辐射的辐射场和辐射能量的表达式，提出产生相干渡越辐射的条件；利用该超构材料构建一种全新的高频结构，研究其高频特性；建立三维的电子注物理模型，分析其注波互作用的非线性效应。提出提高器件输出功率、增益和电子效率的新方法。通过对该项目的深入研究，为发展新型的小型化、高功率、高增益、高效率微波放大器奠定坚实的理论和技术基础。

基于超构材料的扩展互作用速调管在军用和民用方面都具有极其重要的应用前景。为了实现扩展互作用速调管的小型化，同时提高其输出功率、增益和电子效率，本项目基于超构材料中的渡越辐射机理，创造性地提出了一种适合高真空环境工作的亚波长、全金属、具有对称特性的超构材料单元，详细研究了超构材料的谐振特性和电磁参数等基本材料特性；利用该超构材料构建了一种全新的高频结构，研究其高频特性。在此基础之上，研制出S波段超构材料扩展互作用速调管，实验结果表明在2.852GHz-2.858GHz频段内，实测的饱和输出功率大于4.41MW，饱和增益超过54.7dB，电子效率超过45.9%。特别在2.852GHz频率处，实测的饱和输出功率为5.51MW，对应的增益为55.6dB，电子效率为57.4%。与同类传统的速调管相比，其电子效率提升了近10%，其体积仅约为传统结构的0.44，具有明显的小型化特征。这些研究成果为发展新型的小型化、高功率、高增益、高效率微波放大器奠定了坚实的理论和技术基础。