江西九连山潜叶昆虫物种丰富度格局及其与植物优势度和植物谱系的关系

Why certain plant species, especially those trees dominate in the zonal vegetations on the Earth, host more leafminer species than others? Why some plants have fewer or even no leafminers? Regarding each plant species as an ecological "island", the variations of leafminer species richness among different host plants might be described by the species - area relationship in island biogeography. Taking Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province as an example, we will study species richness patterns of leaf-mining insects in subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forests in East Asia, and their relationship with plant attributes including plant dominance and plant phylogeny. We will consider the following questions: (1) Could plant dominance (importance value as well as abundance, frequency and coverage) of plants explain the variations of leafminer species richness among different plant species? Are the predictions of importance values better than those of abundances, frequency and coverage? (2) Could plant phylogeny explain the variations of leafminer species richness among different plants? Are predictions of plant relatedness indices based on the molecular phylogenetic trees better than species: genus ratios? (3) Could other plant factors, such as life form, physical characteristics, leaf chemistry, resident history, plant species composition and habitat, explain some exceptional patterns in leafminer species richness? This project could be the first systematic study on species richness pattern of leaf-mining insects in China. We are expecting to clarify leafminer species richness variations among different plants and the underlying mechanisms, which will greatly advance our knowledge in the host selection of leafminers and insect-plant interaction and coevolution. Moreover, this project will be helpful in understanding the resistance mechanisms of plants that are not infested by leaf-mining insects, which could be used in the sustainable management of agriculture and forestry.

为什么有的植物特别是地带性植被优势树种上的潜叶昆虫种类更多？为什么有的植物上很少甚至没有潜叶昆虫？如果我们把每种植物当做一个生态"岛屿"，不同植物上潜叶昆虫物种丰富度的差异就可用岛屿生物地理的种-面积关系来描述。植物优势度和植物谱系是造成不同植物上潜叶昆虫物种丰富度差异的重要生态因子。本申请项目以江西九连山国家级自然保护区为代表，系统研究亚洲东部亚热带常绿阔叶林的潜叶昆虫物种丰富度格局及其与植物关系，分析：（1）植物优势度对潜叶昆虫物种丰富度的影响；（2）植物谱系对潜叶昆虫物种丰富度的影响；（3）影响潜叶昆虫物种丰富度的其它植物属性及作用机理。本申请项目是对我国潜叶昆虫物种丰富度格局的首次系统研究，可望揭示不同植物上的潜叶昆虫物种丰富度差异及其影响机制，促进对潜叶昆虫多样性及其寄主选择性的理解，深化对昆虫-植物关系的认识。此外，本研究也有助于理解非寄主植物的抗性机理并用于农林生产实践。

为什么有的植物特别是地带性植被优势树种上的潜叶昆虫种类更多？为什么有的植物上很少甚至没有潜叶昆虫？如果我们把每种植物当做一个生态"岛屿"，不同植物上潜叶昆虫物种丰富度的差异就可用岛屿生物地理的种-面积关系来描述。植物优势度和植物谱系是造成不同植物上潜叶昆虫物种丰富度差异的重要生态因子。本申请项目以江西九连山国家级自然保护区、内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区等为代表，系统研究中国潜叶昆虫物种丰富度格局及其与植物关系，结果表明：（1）九连山等国家自然保护区的潜叶昆虫及其寄主植物非常丰富，具有许多潜叶昆虫新种新记录；（2）植物优势度是影响潜叶昆虫物种丰富度的主要因子，植物重要值越大，越容易遭受潜叶昆虫的为害，潜叶昆虫丰富度也越高；（3）植物谱系对潜叶昆虫物种丰富度有重要影响，亲缘关系越近，潜叶昆虫群落的相似性也越高；（4）潜叶昆虫物种丰富度的影响因子还包括气候、植被、植物体型和植物生活史等，植物的体型越大、生活史越长，也更容易遭受潜叶昆虫为害，潜叶昆虫丰富度也更高；（5）在全球尺度上也探讨了，寄主植物科的大小、分布面积、亲缘关系等对潜叶甲、冠潜蛾、潜蝇、细蛾寄主选择性的影响；（6）分析了九连山不同潜叶类群对光照的响应及叶片潜道的空间分布格局；（7）基于圆形分布统计，初步探讨了九连山潜叶昆虫的潜道几何形态和时间分布格局；（8）研究了中国潜叶昆虫的地理分布和纬度分布。本申请项目是对我国潜叶昆虫物种丰富度格局的首次系统研究，初步揭示了不同植物上的潜叶昆虫物种丰富度差异及其影响机制，可促进对潜叶昆虫多样性及其寄主选择性的理解，深化对昆虫-植物关系的认识。此外，本研究也有助于理解非寄主植物的抗性机理并用于农林生产实践。