基于交互式干扰条件下的世界双遗产地武夷山风景名胜区景观"格局-过程"非线性耦合与生态空间优化研究

Located in the northwestern part of Fujian Province, Wuyi Mountain is now the largest of China' s World Heritage sites. The nominated area is divided into 4 parts, with the Biodiversity Preserve to the west, Nine-twist Stream Ecological Preserve in the center, Natural Beauty and Cultural Landscape Preserve to the east(i.e. Wuyishan Scenery District) and the ancient Chencun Minyue Relics to the southeast. Based on the result of the surface project of the National Natural Science Foundation for Wuyishan Scenery District that has been more severely disturbed than the other three regions，four types of the key natural disturbance and human intervention（including forest fire，damage by insects，tea planting，construction for tourism）will be studied as follows. We will analyze the features of four types of disturbances，their change of ecological rule and ecological responses in both ecosystem and landscape scale by the survey of sample plot，field monitoring，and 3S technology. A model of ecological system for disturbances will made through multivariate statistics analysis，and then a model for landscape pattern-process will be constructed by Landscape Neutral Model and penetration theory. Combination method of orthogonal experiment design and computer simulation will be used to reveal the mechanism of multiple interaction disturbances in the study area. Nonlinear coupling of landscape pattern and process will further be constructed on the basis of the corresponding ecological effect caused by interaction disturbances. The ajustment for parameters of disturbances in landscape coupling model will be conducted to find out the optimal combination of disturbance factors that makes the ecological，economic and social effect best. Optimization scheme of ecological space will be performed by integrating the scenarios and indicators of ecological effect for diverse scenarios in different scales for the reduction of ecological risk，and the improvement for the space comprehensive benefits. The project not only gives a new idea of the study on the mechanism of multiple interaction disturbances，but also provides the theoretical foundation and technical support for better protection and development of mixed heritage，Wuyi Mountain.

基于国家自然科学基金项目(30870435)基础上，以武夷山风景区4种关键自然与人为干扰(林火、虫害、茶园种植、旅游建设开发)为研究对象，进一步开展如下研究：①采用样地调查、实地监测、3S技术等手段分析4种干扰因子特征及其作用下的2种尺度（生态系统和景观）上的生态效应；②采用多元统计方法建立4种干扰因子的生态系统机制模型，运用景观中性模型与渗透理论建立各干扰的景观"格局-过程"模型；③结合正交试验设计与计算机模拟，揭示"交互式"干扰作用机制，构建多重干扰"格局-过程"非线性耦合模型；④调试耦合模型中干扰参数，结合多尺度上生态选优指标，确定使景区生态、经济和社会效益最佳的干扰参数组合，制定能有效降低生态风险，提高综合效益的生态空间优化预案。本项目不仅为具有多重干扰特征的景观生态系统交互干扰作用机制研究提供创新思路，亦为更好地保护和发展双遗产地武夷山提供理论基础和技术支撑。

项目以世界文化和自然遗产地武夷山中受自然和人为干扰作用最为频繁的区域——武夷山风景名胜区为研究对象，通过野外调查、室内分析测定、3S技术、景观分析技术以及数学模型等方法，对研究区潜在林火、马尾松毛虫害、茶园扩张以及旅游建设开发等多种干扰开展研究，揭示了不同干扰源的干扰状况与他们在不同尺度上的表现特征以及多种干扰源对风景区自然-社会复合生态系统的影响与作用规律，研究内容主要包括：①林火干扰发生的基础特征、火险格局与林火模拟；②马尾松毛虫害干扰状况、时空格局及影响因素；③茶园与建设用地扩张对土地利用系统的结构与功能的初步影响；④旅游开发对遗产地自然和社会综合系统的影响。.目前，已发表研究论文9篇（2篇被SCI收录、1篇被SSCI和SCI共同收录；6篇被CSCD收录）；以会议论文、学术报告等形式参加国内外学术交流7次（学术报告3次）；培养研究生2名（1名已毕业，1名将于2018年6月毕业）。2篇研究论文分别获得第12届福建省自然科学优秀学术论文二等奖（2016年度）以及福建省自然资源学会/福建省地理学会学术年会青年优秀论文一等奖（2014年度）。同时，本项目部分研究结果已被整理并编写入题为《世界遗产地武夷山风景名胜区保护生态学》一书（已于2017年12月与中国林业出版社共同签订出版协议）。多年来，项目组圆满完成研究计划，达到了预期目标。研究成果为我国仅有的4个文化和自然遗产地武夷山中的核心区（武夷山风景名胜区）自然和社会复合生态系统的保护、宏观规划以及管理决策提供了直接的重要科学数据和技术支撑，促进了武夷山双遗产地的综合保护与可持续发展。