综合水文-水温情势的绿色小水电生态需水研究

Small hydropower plant (SHP) as one of the most important sources of renewable energy has been recognized with great potential as the sustainable energy strategy in China. With the widely application and exploitation of SHP, studies on the sustainable development of green SHP has been increasingly noted. This project is focused on the pressing need of riverine environmental protection with the development of SHP by using environmental flows study as the key. Previous studies focused on environmental flows assessment on ecological targets mainly via hydrological techniques. By satisfying the minimum requirement of environmental flows, the amount of water released by SHPs are trying to reduce the impacts exerted on the riverine ecosystems. However, the alteration of water temperature and its interplay with hydrologic regimes at the same time are less considered. In this case, this study attempts to analyze the integrated impacts of characterised hydropeaking and thermopeaking at sub-daily scales, while modelling the habitat suitability variations of key species downstream. Habitat simulations with the joint hydro-thermal attributes along the river reach are performed by using the CASiMiR model. The research of this project has important theoretical significance and application value for further improving and refining the ecological environmental impact assessment of green small hydropower and promoting the sustainable development of SHP.

小水电作为重要的清洁可再生能源，对于实现我国的可再生能源战略目标具有重要意义。随着小水电的大规模开发利用，发展绿色小水电的可持续性研究具有重要的实践意义和应用价值。本项目面对我国绿色小水电的可持续发展及河流生态环境保护的迫切需求，针对现有的生态需水研究热点和挑战，进行小水电运行影响下的综合生态需水研究。本研究针对绿色小水电运行中产生的下泄流量脉冲和温度脉冲的变化机制，以综合水文、水温情势的共同作用为思路，分析对下游河流关键生物栖息地的适宜性变化机制及其时空影响范围。研究通过水力学数值模拟和栖息地生态模型相结合的方法，寻求适用于绿色小水电的综合生态需水研究方法，并以筑坝式小水电站九峰水库为例对小水电运行产生的水文脉冲在下游河道的空间影响范围进行了定量化分析。本项目研究对进一步完善和细化绿色小水电的生态环境影响评估，推动小水电的可持续发展具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

小水电作为重要的清洁可再生能源，对于实现我国的可再生能源战略目标具有重要的意义。本项目面对我国绿色小水电的可持续发展及河流生态环境保护的迫切需求，针对我国绿色小水电的评估中生态需水评估过程面临的方法单一、生态适应性缺乏等问题和挑战，进行绿色小水电生态需水的分析。项目以我国第一批绿色小水电站之一的九峰水库为例进行研究，提出绿色小水电运行中不同季节性变化下的底栖生物栖息地影响变化机制。项目采用水力学数值模拟和栖息地生态模型的方法相结合，提出了适用于典型绿色小水电的耦合伪二维水力学-栖息地模型生态需水研究方法。本项目研究发现，仅设置最小流量不足以维持绿色小水电下游的底栖生物群落完整性。绿色小水电的评估标准中应包含更多不同的生态流量标准，包括最小流量和峰值流量，建议的流量水平应在不同季节有所不同。此外，应创建一种进行水力学-栖息地模型的标准方法，以减少水力学-栖息地模型中涉及的强烈主观性，并允许比较不同研究产生的建议生态流量值。本项目研究过程扎实，研究结果对于小水电水利工程具有广泛适用性，对于推进我国的绿色小水电可持续发展研究具有重要意义。