点支式玻璃幕墙地震破坏机理及拟动力子结构试验研究

The failure of glass curtain wall is one of the most widely reported types of nonstructural damage in building structures subjected to the large seismic actions. The research on the seismic behavior and failure mechanism of nonstructural component becomes the hotspot and difficulty in the research of structural engineering lately. At present, the dynamic response of the primary structure is not considered in the design of glass curtain wall. However, the effect of primary structure on glass curtain wall lies in the direct earthquake actions and the second excitations from the primary structure. It depends on the dynamic characteristics of the primary structure and the glass curtain wall. It is essential to carry out the theoretical and experimental research on the dynamic characteristic, seismic behavior and failure mode of the glass curtain wall considering the primary structure. A new approach is proposed to conduct the research of seismic behavior of the point-supported glass curtain wall attached on the large-span spatial structure based on the substructure method. The analytical model of both the point-supported glass curtain wall and the large-span truss structure for the primary structure is built. Then the dynamic characteristic and coupled mechanism of the point-supported glass curtain wall is analyzed on the dynamic substructure model considering the primary structure. Substructure pseudo dynamic testing of the spatial truss structure for glass curtain wall with multiple points and multiple degrees of freedom is conducted based on the equivalent force control method. The experimental seismic performance of the point-supported glass curtain wall is analyzed to acquire the failure mode and seismic response. Finally the seismic behavior indices of the point-supported glass curtain wall are proposed. And relevant details of the seismic design are also proposed so as to improve the safety of the point-supported curtain wall.

地震所造成的玻璃幕墙等非结构构件震害损失不容忽视，开展非结构构件的抗震性能及破坏机理研究已成为结构工程领域研究的热点与难点。当前玻璃幕墙的抗震设计不考虑幕墙与主体结构的协同工作，而主体结构对玻璃幕墙存在地震二次输入的影响，其影响程度取决于主体结构与玻璃幕墙支承结构的动力特性。因此，亟需对考虑主体结构的玻璃幕墙动力特性、抗震性能及破坏形态展开理论分析及试验研究。本项目创新性地将子结构分析理论及试验方法应用于点支式玻璃幕墙抗震分析中，采用理论分析、数值模拟及拟动力子结构试验等多种手段，构建大跨空间结构与点支式玻璃幕墙动态子结构模型，揭示其动力相互作用机理。基于多点、多自由度、等效力控制方法搭建点支式玻璃幕墙拟动力子结构试验平台，揭示幕墙子结构的受力机理、破坏形态和抗震性能，并提出其抗震性能评价指标，为点支式玻璃幕墙的安全运行提供理论支撑和技术保障。

地震所造成的非结构构件震害损失不容忽视，开展非结构构件的抗震性能及破坏机理研究，已成为是结构工程领域研究的热点与难点。当前非结构构件的抗震设计不考虑其与主体结构的协同工作，而主体结构对非结构构件存在地震二次输入的影响，其影响程度取决于主体结构与玻璃幕墙支承结构的动力特性。因此，亟需对考虑主体结构的非结构构件等动力特性、抗震性能及性能提升展开理论分析及试验研究。本项目从大跨空间结构隔震减振体系研发及设计方法、点支式玻璃幕墙抗震分析理论及拟动力试验、吊顶系统抗震分析理论及振动台试验等3个方面着手开展研究。研发了大跨空间结构多维隔震和高性能减振体系。揭示了空气弹簧-摩擦摆多维隔震支座和SMA丝-摩擦减振阻尼器的工作机理、动力特性，提出了新型三维隔震支座和SMA丝-摩擦减振阻尼器力学分析模型和设计方法，构建了大跨空间结构多维隔震和高性能减振体系的抗震设计方法；开展玻璃面板的平面外抗弯试验研究，获得了玻璃面板的弹性模量和极限应力计算方法。建立了点支式玻璃幕墙拟动力试验平台。阐明了大跨空间结构和点支式玻璃幕墙耦合体系在地震作用下的动力响应规律，基于玻璃幕墙位移角和玻璃板破坏率确定了点支式玻璃幕墙在轻度破坏、中度破坏和严重破坏三种极限状态下的抗震性能评价指标，为其抗震性能评价提供了借鉴和参考；开展了大跨空间结构中吊顶系统振动台试验。基于振动台试验研究明确了不同主体结构对吊顶系统的竖向地震反应的影响，同时揭示了吊顶系统吊顶掉落、龙骨屈曲、龙骨节点失效等破坏形式得出了柔性主体结构的吊顶加速度放大系数建议值。通过快速傅里叶变换和随机子空间识别两种模态识别方法获得了吊顶系统的自振频率和阻尼比。研究成果发表学术期刊论文13篇，其中SCI检索10篇，EI检索2篇，特邀作学术报告3次；授权专利5项。培养博士研究生3人，硕士研究生7人。研究成果可为大跨空间结构非结构构件的抗震分析理论及试验方法研究提供技术支持。